Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30786-ffec283a2b) Lines: 1422 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-04-08 09:25:27 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8359331
F2m_copy 200667
F2m_flip 1554420
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12362035
F2v_coeff 664439388
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554420
F2v_set 104115330
F2v_to_F2x 38085
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12362023
F2x_coeff 670979514
F2x_copy 64635577
F2x_div 1571436
F2x_equal 4190136
F2x_equal1 2873760
F2x_flip 1554420
F2x_renormalize 127766945
F2x_set 129933852
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255555
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434530
Flm_row 8743571
Flv_copy 2059033
Flx_constant 1091604
Flx_copy 175740575
Flx_div 1999793
Flx_div_pre 21703708
Flx_equal1 8195957
Flx_lead 1069103
Flx_mulu 1105439
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165417
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4692132
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5581963
FpX_renormalize 147018166
Fp_add 183278427
Fp_addmul 11235014
Fp_center 77270282
Fp_center_i 17995905
Fp_div 15034077
Fp_divu 15128561
Fp_double 20805924
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23436101
Fp_invsafe 1097247
Fp_mul 203032868
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 65398873
Fp_neg 32666925
Fp_red 82926650
Fp_sqr 63890889
Fp_sub 201869536
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 572215
FqX_Fq_mul 427295
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38566
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445015
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367935
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106107
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 918967592
QV_isscalar 54419562
Q_abs 8060979
Q_abs_shallow 120240
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619946
RgC_gtofp 34033276
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9954964
RgM_fpnorml2 22655
RgM_gtofp 8257703
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22235772
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 141997
RgV_is_ZV 32095986
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210273
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102486984
RgX_div 6997261
RgX_equal_var 26880487
RgX_fpnorml2 61607
RgX_gtofp 7164092
RgX_is_QX 399939
RgX_is_ZX 22315445
RgX_is_monomial 1320148
RgX_is_rational 68157
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479436
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479436
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451101
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697269
ZM_ZV_mod 610693
ZM_hnfrem 401399
ZM_lll 7117753
ZV_ZV_mod 8147180
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675155
ZV_to_zv 3211715
ZXQ_mul 2166185
ZXQ_sqr 960609
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7319793
ZX_renormalize 157462644
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509456
abgrp_get_cyc 12231170
abgrp_get_gen 1765028
abgrp_get_no 406738
absfrac 46991444
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541563
addmuliu_inplace 59547999
affc_fixlg 249623
affgr 899594
bid_get_MOD 2157237
bid_get_U 3680212
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397048
bid_get_cyc 5739755
bid_get_fact 2498898
bid_get_fact2 2201561
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804596
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521921
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157958
bin_copy 472865578
bit_accuracy 3144480329
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143389375
bnf_get_clgp 5375468
bnf_get_cyc 3686609
bnf_get_fu 25858
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289067
bnf_get_gen 1680314
bnf_get_logfu 2874723
bnf_get_nf 9866264
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367770
bnf_get_tuN 282986
bnf_get_tuU 303561
bnr_get_bid 2046092
bnr_get_bnf 3710952
bnr_get_clgp 2830234
bnr_get_cyc 2522559
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77118
bnr_get_nf 1399077
bnr_get_no 277490
both_odd 123614847
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10136
cgetc 975459
cgiv 105468235
checkell_i 8103974
closure_arity 356410421
closure_codestr 305978262
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 305933972
closure_get_dbg 13702
closure_get_frame 14734387
closure_get_oper 305957641
closure_get_text 37213
closure_is_variadic 45929801
col_ei 5925304
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730094
const_vec 34671739
const_vecsmall 18861151
constant_coeff 1441248
cxcompotor 18237819
cxnorm 94101453
cxtofp 9093040
cxtoreal 337206
cyc_get_expo 2757556
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94327981
degpol 5507260158
div_content 58511
divsBIL 8236530901
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049180
ell_get_a2 11108721
ell_get_a3 12863747
ell_get_a4 10325139
ell_get_a6 10371099
ell_get_b2 7371392
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018346
ell_get_c6 13473875
ell_get_disc 16815258
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14946075
ell_is_inf 50171734
ellff_get_a4a6 551448
ellff_get_field 1790579
ellinf 913909
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027232
equali1 1169266121
equalim1 139567785
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62637
gaddgs 123270521
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80416
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36428
gal_get_roots 32844
gc_GEN 246635066
gc_INT 4134079980
gc_INT_affii 11563331
gc_all 102550126
gc_leaf 1160313841
gc_slice 2211232
gc_upto 1971237649
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761919
gdivsg 559710
gen_I 1268858
gener_Fq_local 29945
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928530
get_F2x_mod 3307662
get_F2x_var 2168655
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82137880
get_Flx_mod 25495763
get_Flx_var 68234309
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969285
get_FpX_mod 3387861
get_FpX_var 6952135
gisdouble 2996203
gmax_shallow 13510225
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 898185
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23846818
gmulgu 283360013
gsubgs 1731935
gtodouble 66248595
gtofp 257166408
gtomp 22428
gtos 85865468
gtou 100715
guncloneNULL 49839352
guncloneNULL_deep 1517476
gval 6230
hash_str 2761454
hash_str_len 31656055
icopy_avma 8049717307
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138814
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243208
identity_zv 3267571
inf_get_sign 1453189
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574335809
is_const_t 5002368161
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9702800
is_matvec_t 742785768
is_noncalc_t 88521860
is_pm1 2215986739
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5017647
is_real_t 61900630
is_recursive_t 9102903094
is_scalar_t 403476829
is_universal_constant 326502515
is_vec_t 43949452
isint1 17987219
isintm1 6086576
isintzero 2848441346
ismpzero 9702690
isonstack 8354295115
killblock 1961770
leading_coeff 169333632
leafcopy_avma 593460400
lg_increase 438265783
lgcols 352672116
lgpol 2619352330
lincombii 38263356
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755015
matpascal 4683
matslice 16823750
mkcol 10653435
mkcol2 156926817
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33584
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92005425
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41926618
mkfraccopy 4999413
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066637
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4780148
mkmat2 33665604
mkmat22 50247922
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122302
mkmoo 108901
mkoo 1332051
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3075503
mkqfb 27928550
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 69314044
mkvec2 214301214
mkvec2copy 114531
mkvec2s 220729
mkvec3 119653136
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10150198
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187582
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140265387
mkvecsmall2 256924902
mkvecsmall3 103249799
mkvecsmall4 18660037
mkvecsmall5 1718702
modpr_get_T 13867103
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236610
mul_content 2657380
mul_denom 10709464
mulsubii 3893000
nbits2extraprec 1497436524
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12749859
nbits2prec 188999303
nbrows 158269755
nchar2nlong 127921001
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304872
nf_get_M 21745701
nf_get_Tr 23282
nf_get_degree 71376241
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463519
nf_get_index 3712006
nf_get_invzk 9774605
nf_get_pol 98119498
nf_get_r1 23466162
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64644
nf_get_roots 1628896
nf_get_roundG 1748549
nf_get_sign 519601
nf_get_varn 1503745
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462048
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416231
normalize_frac 17311069
odd 2124466648
pari_calloc 47735
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2897
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487244335
pari_malloc 723327477
pari_realloc 1880
pari_realloc_ip 2357473
pari_stack_alloc 1006253585
pari_stack_base 1012179492
pari_stack_delete 5924281
pari_stack_init 6378819
pari_stack_new 910979442
pari_stack_pushp 5821
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747376
perm_mul 80951067
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17357169
pol0_Flx 111623194
pol1_F2x 4768230
pol1_Flx 55715627
pol_0 27130470
pol_1 3752520
pol_x 3860488
pol_xn 2252852
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1079140
polx_Flx 37490734
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 596435
powii 43130167
pr_get_e 16167689
pr_get_f 26444658
pr_get_gen 12072434
pr_get_p 92761874
pr_get_tau 49773952
pr_is_inert 17224516
pr_norm 1090584
prec2lg 4565218722
prec2nbits 106942338
prec2nbits_mul 581095
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476372
qfb_disc 18502482
qfb_disc3 4995240
qfb_is_qfi 64525617
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8146125140
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763891
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14758639
rowslice 79449058
rowslicepermute 234370
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434254
shallowcopy 27896558
sqrfrac 4151103
sqrti 6612756
sqrtnr 2810744
sqrtr 86933247
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985063
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60058956
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2100746
upr_norm 346136
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3468897
vec_ei 1714740
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313924
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11556
vec_to_vecsmall 4039408
veclast 9374206
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21107260
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657361757
vecslicepermute 2857457
vecsmall_append 4114729
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464665
vecsmall_copy 7341096
vecsmall_ei 585123
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043259
vecsmall_max 1177309
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75756
vecsmall_to_col 7924592
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78754530
vecsmalltrunc_append 100821575
vecsmalltrunc_init 242100758
vecsplice 384995
vectrunc_append 15856224
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11768343
zc_to_ZC 7910044
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845281
zero_F2v 3656664
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2830922
zero_Flm_copy 238310
zero_Flv 61987271
zero_Flx 3255528
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39508798
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125151924
zeromat 109025
zeromatcopy 14377805
zeropadic 857176
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12870909
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29348299
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687785
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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