Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30862-ea47bd413c) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-05-06 09:26:47 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8356744
F2m_copy 200655
F2m_flip 1553599
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12360648
F2v_coeff 664425023
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1553598
F2v_set 104113109
F2v_to_F2x 37921
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12360658
F2x_coeff 671007904
F2x_copy 63927164
F2x_div 1558120
F2x_equal 4134176
F2x_equal1 2873709
F2x_flip 1553598
F2x_renormalize 126977206
F2x_set 129778291
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255610
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6435900
Flm_row 8743070
Flv_copy 2058934
Flx_constant 1091662
Flx_copy 175931916
Flx_div 1999855
Flx_div_pre 21724235
Flx_equal1 8200485
Flx_lead 1069238
Flx_mulu 1105470
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165414
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4688700
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5583731
FpX_renormalize 147093156
Fp_add 183426761
Fp_addmul 11260583
Fp_center 77299371
Fp_center_i 18057994
Fp_div 15034566
Fp_divu 15129074
Fp_double 20891859
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23417231
Fp_invsafe 1097241
Fp_mul 203845327
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 64988793
Fp_neg 32670139
Fp_red 82930918
Fp_sqr 63996798
Fp_sub 201545256
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 576296
FqX_Fq_mul 427303
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38567
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 447452
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 368762
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106444
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 920328497
QV_isscalar 54428210
Q_abs 8125745
Q_abs_shallow 120227
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619956
RgC_gtofp 34037395
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9955588
RgM_fpnorml2 22788
RgM_gtofp 8258359
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22235123
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 142050
RgV_is_ZV 32100568
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1211817
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127914
RgX_coeff 2908792
RgX_copy 102879114
RgX_div 6998920
RgX_equal_var 27139608
RgX_fpnorml2 63069
RgX_gtofp 7166487
RgX_is_QX 400070
RgX_is_ZX 22395427
RgX_is_monomial 1328372
RgX_is_rational 68292
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479481
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479481
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451481
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697243
ZM_ZV_mod 610715
ZM_hnfrem 401371
ZM_lll 7139478
ZV_ZV_mod 8147205
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23678955
ZV_to_zv 3211716
ZXQ_mul 2166559
ZXQ_sqr 961537
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7670847
ZX_renormalize 157622014
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509448
abgrp_get_cyc 12234601
abgrp_get_gen 1766575
abgrp_get_no 406746
absfrac 47977003
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541599
addmuliu_inplace 59559043
affc_fixlg 250435
affgr 795161
bid_get_MOD 2157249
bid_get_U 3680231
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397113
bid_get_cyc 5739818
bid_get_fact 2498938
bid_get_fact2 2201570
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804672
bid_get_ideal 72849
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157981
bin_copy 473549980
bit_accuracy 3144289394
bit_accuracy_mul 3175844
bit_prec 143423380
bnf_get_clgp 5380381
bnf_get_cyc 3689957
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289081
bnf_get_gen 1681862
bnf_get_logfu 2877854
bnf_get_nf 9875228
bnf_get_no 8386
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1369338
bnf_get_tuN 283013
bnf_get_tuU 303593
bnr_get_bid 2046088
bnr_get_bnf 3710958
bnr_get_clgp 2830262
bnr_get_cyc 2522581
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77126
bnr_get_nf 1399105
bnr_get_no 277493
both_odd 123355442
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10157
cgetc 976271
cgiv 105494221
checkell_i 8103707
closure_arity 356770376
closure_codestr 306344846
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 306292229
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14695314
closure_get_oper 306320642
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45955309
col_ei 5927285
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730225
const_vec 34656315
const_vecsmall 18862732
constant_coeff 1445631
cxcompotor 18284466
cxnorm 95131744
cxtofp 9116476
cxtoreal 338018
cyc_get_expo 2757540
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94384564
degpol 5509980793
div_content 58511
divsBIL 8247368021
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049195
ell_get_a2 11108725
ell_get_a3 12863762
ell_get_a4 10325143
ell_get_a6 10371103
ell_get_b2 7371404
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018680
ell_get_c6 13474409
ell_get_disc 16815964
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14945237
ell_is_inf 50202583
ellff_get_a4a6 551463
ellff_get_field 1790611
ellinf 913706
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027263
equali1 1172358811
equalim1 139581708
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62602
gaddgs 123273222
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80416
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36428
gal_get_roots 32844
gc_GEN 247575819
gc_INT 4139876626
gc_INT_affii 11578599
gc_all 102472256
gc_leaf 1160567041
gc_slice 2211721
gc_upto 1975749400
gchar_copy_precs 1470
gchar_get_DLdata 192479
gchar_get_S 38371
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 11096
gchar_get_basis 34731
gchar_get_bnf 207685
gchar_get_cyc 16535
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 52520
gchar_get_m0 3823
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2296
gchar_get_nc 38876
gchar_get_nf 247942
gchar_get_nfprec 13854
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 2108
gchar_get_ns 38371
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 19427
gchar_get_r1 17683
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1996
gchar_get_u0 5002
gchar_get_zm 286343
gchar_set_HUUi 637
gchar_set_basis 1827
gchar_set_cyc 1827
gchar_set_evalprec 2086
gchar_set_m0 1190
gchar_set_nalg 637
gchar_set_nf 2363
gchar_set_nfprec 3466
gchar_set_nfree 637
gchar_set_ntors 637
gchar_set_prec 1470
gchar_set_u0 2142
gcmpgs 761939
gdivsg 561955
gen_I 1269142
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928528
get_F2x_mod 3307654
get_F2x_var 2168661
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 81940515
get_Flx_mod 25514150
get_Flx_var 68293653
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969206
get_FpX_mod 3387864
get_FpX_var 6952176
gisdouble 2996214
gmax_shallow 13510225
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 901215
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23865192
gmulgu 283377954
gsubgs 1731752
gtodouble 66207670
gtofp 257211273
gtomp 22428
gtos 85880041
gtou 100675
guncloneNULL 49236792
guncloneNULL_deep 1503157
gval 6391
hash_str 2782958
hash_str_len 31624919
icopy_avma 8056329429
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 139142
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243454
identity_zv 3267817
inf_get_sign 1453270
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574897047
is_const_t 5010072460
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9716597
is_matvec_t 744453852
is_noncalc_t 88525027
is_pm1 2218018638
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5019603
is_real_t 61906222
is_recursive_t 9130719631
is_scalar_t 404105637
is_universal_constant 326574023
is_vec_t 44038387
isint1 18136560
isintm1 6222521
isintzero 2866113714
ismpzero 9716474
isonstack 8366220071
killblock 1955987
leading_coeff 169748140
leafcopy_avma 595340979
lg_increase 433291519
lgcols 352823258
lgpol 2622718715
lincombii 38269094
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 195755
locs_get_cyc 54144
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 211534
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 757053
matpascal 4935
matslice 16825722
mkcol 10661536
mkcol2 157102403
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33583
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92913480
mkerr 0
mkfrac 42760381
mkfraccopy 5010462
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066779
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4783445
mkmat2 33664719
mkmat22 50278065
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122299
mkmoo 108933
mkoo 1332110
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3262568
mkqfb 27934268
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698726
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 68961201
mkvec2 213218782
mkvec2copy 114551
mkvec2s 220778
mkvec3 118991480
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10157086
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15189819
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140534717
mkvecsmall2 257024471
mkvecsmall3 103276226
mkvecsmall4 18668493
mkvecsmall5 1718452
modpr_get_T 13867138
modpr_get_p 1887626
modpr_get_pr 31236615
mul_content 2659223
mul_denom 10754958
mulsubii 3894018
nbits2extraprec 1498725116
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12771239
nbits2prec 189088826
nbrows 158370583
nchar2nlong 127866256
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41885
ndec2prec 33615
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26299
nf_get_G 304835
nf_get_M 21750190
nf_get_Tr 23347
nf_get_degree 71393213
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 464451
nf_get_index 3715899
nf_get_invzk 9778592
nf_get_pol 98152252
nf_get_r1 23473436
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64644
nf_get_roots 1632081
nf_get_roundG 1749976
nf_get_sign 522480
nf_get_varn 1503831
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5463810
nf_get_zkprimpart 5417998
normalize_frac 17574596
odd 2124026495
pari_calloc 48127
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487894130
pari_malloc 723391104
pari_realloc 1887
pari_realloc_ip 2350424
pari_stack_alloc 1006224595
pari_stack_base 1012066032
pari_stack_delete 5865118
pari_stack_init 6351362
pari_stack_new 910862501
pari_stack_pushp 5842
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747501
perm_mul 80954942
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17308336
pol0_Flx 111686408
pol1_F2x 4768583
pol1_Flx 55769529
pol_0 27280953
pol_1 3753746
pol_x 3866574
pol_xn 2253997
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1073914
polx_Flx 37513582
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 620095
powii 43129427
pr_get_e 16167946
pr_get_f 26449181
pr_get_gen 12076240
pr_get_p 92765483
pr_get_tau 49777656
pr_is_inert 17228110
pr_norm 1090582
prec2lg 4576446627
prec2nbits 107069467
prec2nbits_mul 581910
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476422
qfb_disc 18502545
qfb_disc3 4998076
qfb_is_qfi 64515745
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8155818524
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763903
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14762843
rowslice 79459961
rowslicepermute 234345
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11871118
shallowcopy 27900892
sqrfrac 4224599
sqrti 6615019
sqrtnr 2810780
sqrtr 87157059
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985175
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60066404
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2079131
upr_norm 347920
uutoQ 1602256
vec_append 3469080
vec_ei 1714863
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313931
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11563
vec_to_vecsmall 4041818
veclast 9374342
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21117030
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2612
vecslice 657400456
vecslicepermute 2857965
vecsmall_append 4114729
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464529
vecsmall_copy 7341212
vecsmall_ei 585117
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043259
vecsmall_max 1178347
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75754
vecsmall_to_col 7928210
vecsmall_to_vec 578148
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78758661
vecsmalltrunc_append 100936821
vecsmalltrunc_init 239685907
vecsplice 385275
vectrunc_append 15857814
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11767153
zc_to_ZC 7913665
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845252
zero_F2v 3656457
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2831027
zero_Flm_copy 238326
zero_Flv 61981833
zero_Flx 3255130
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39502747
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125201959
zeromat 109009
zeromatcopy 14379934
zeropadic 857194
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12924482
zeroser 139013
zerovec 29349358
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658755
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982136
znstar_get_conreygen 3290533
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334854
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869070
zv_copy 1687670
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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