Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30786-ffec283a2b) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-04-07 09:25:56 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8358960
F2m_copy 200664
F2m_flip 1554246
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12361748
F2v_coeff 664437288
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554246
F2v_set 104115037
F2v_to_F2x 38020
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12361734
F2x_coeff 671007656
F2x_copy 64634360
F2x_div 1570969
F2x_equal 4187935
F2x_equal1 2873738
F2x_flip 1554246
F2x_renormalize 127765851
F2x_set 129942670
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255607
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434391
Flm_row 8743632
Flv_copy 2059105
Flx_constant 1091523
Flx_copy 175749982
Flx_div 1999754
Flx_div_pre 21701462
Flx_equal1 8195966
Flx_lead 1068242
Flx_mulu 1105395
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165411
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4691850
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5581921
FpX_renormalize 147016294
Fp_add 183219604
Fp_addmul 11225046
Fp_center 77304175
Fp_center_i 18032954
Fp_div 15034254
Fp_divu 15128762
Fp_double 20779718
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23436287
Fp_invsafe 1097228
Fp_mul 203049223
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 66925778
Fp_neg 32668121
Fp_red 82929454
Fp_sqr 63782706
Fp_sub 201798131
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 572204
FqX_Fq_mul 427289
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38569
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445017
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367929
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106359
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 918968908
QV_isscalar 54419643
Q_abs 8061081
Q_abs_shallow 120221
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619946
RgC_gtofp 34034281
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9954906
RgM_fpnorml2 22655
RgM_gtofp 8257821
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22234519
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 142000
RgV_is_ZV 32095984
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210271
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102487061
RgX_div 6997260
RgX_equal_var 26880507
RgX_fpnorml2 61606
RgX_gtofp 7163958
RgX_is_QX 399946
RgX_is_ZX 22315428
RgX_is_monomial 1320153
RgX_is_rational 68155
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479468
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479468
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451071
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697415
ZM_ZV_mod 610720
ZM_hnfrem 401377
ZM_lll 7117729
ZV_ZV_mod 8147202
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675246
ZV_to_zv 3211715
ZXQ_mul 2166250
ZXQ_sqr 960608
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7319899
ZX_renormalize 157467955
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509442
abgrp_get_cyc 12231144
abgrp_get_gen 1765015
abgrp_get_no 406722
absfrac 46991776
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541589
addmuliu_inplace 59558054
affc_fixlg 249622
affgr 899594
bid_get_MOD 2157246
bid_get_U 3680226
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397054
bid_get_cyc 5739755
bid_get_fact 2498889
bid_get_fact2 2201563
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804606
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157979
bin_copy 472868139
bit_accuracy 3144907760
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143389648
bnf_get_clgp 5375441
bnf_get_cyc 3686597
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289074
bnf_get_gen 1680304
bnf_get_logfu 2874731
bnf_get_nf 9866243
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367778
bnf_get_tuN 282984
bnf_get_tuU 303572
bnr_get_bid 2046088
bnr_get_bnf 3710940
bnr_get_clgp 2830202
bnr_get_cyc 2522536
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399066
bnr_get_no 277485
both_odd 123835098
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10136
cgetc 975460
cgiv 105476776
checkell_i 8103958
closure_arity 356454414
closure_codestr 306022876
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 305980256
closure_get_dbg 13702
closure_get_frame 14734513
closure_get_oper 306002782
closure_get_text 37213
closure_is_variadic 45930289
col_ei 5925273
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730078
const_vec 34669937
const_vecsmall 18860429
constant_coeff 1441233
cxcompotor 18238466
cxnorm 94096882
cxtofp 9093374
cxtoreal 337207
cyc_get_expo 2757541
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94327421
degpol 5518034339
div_content 58511
divsBIL 8236666720
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049182
ell_get_a2 11108724
ell_get_a3 12863747
ell_get_a4 10325142
ell_get_a6 10371102
ell_get_b2 7371389
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018698
ell_get_c6 13474456
ell_get_disc 16815875
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14945978
ell_is_inf 50187656
ellff_get_a4a6 551450
ellff_get_field 1790584
ellinf 913901
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027231
equali1 1169311166
equalim1 139567753
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62638
gaddgs 123270506
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80413
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36428
gal_get_roots 32844
gc_GEN 246760549
gc_INT 4134431395
gc_INT_affii 11571413
gc_all 102550699
gc_leaf 1163308458
gc_slice 2211122
gc_upto 1971301033
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761910
gdivsg 559711
gen_I 1268870
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928556
get_F2x_mod 3307663
get_F2x_var 2168705
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82914169
get_Flx_mod 25494387
get_Flx_var 68234075
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969260
get_FpX_mod 3387843
get_FpX_var 6952168
gisdouble 2995820
gmax_shallow 13510227
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 898172
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23859187
gmulgu 283360013
gsubgs 1731932
gtodouble 66243036
gtofp 257178226
gtomp 22428
gtos 85865463
gtou 100717
guncloneNULL 49829491
guncloneNULL_deep 1508689
gval 6230
hash_str 2761454
hash_str_len 31656094
icopy_avma 8049654383
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138811
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243293
identity_zv 3267656
inf_get_sign 1453191
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574363656
is_const_t 5002143529
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9702570
is_matvec_t 742847095
is_noncalc_t 88522174
is_pm1 2216855758
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5017670
is_real_t 61900620
is_recursive_t 9102929170
is_scalar_t 403476304
is_universal_constant 326500348
is_vec_t 43950721
isint1 17987106
isintm1 6086478
isintzero 2848410802
ismpzero 9702462
isonstack 8358484332
killblock 1958212
leading_coeff 169332303
leafcopy_avma 592298250
lg_increase 426349179
lgcols 352675914
lgpol 2623676672
lincombii 38268401
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755010
matpascal 4683
matslice 16824771
mkcol 10653217
mkcol2 156982239
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33581
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92005267
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41928072
mkfraccopy 4999672
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066648
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4780127
mkmat2 33665645
mkmat22 50257604
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122299
mkmoo 108898
mkoo 1332047
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3075582
mkqfb 27928344
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 69370588
mkvec2 211821350
mkvec2copy 114528
mkvec2s 220729
mkvec3 121995831
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10150183
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187540
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140267119
mkvecsmall2 256937873
mkvecsmall3 103250931
mkvecsmall4 18651759
mkvecsmall5 1718745
modpr_get_T 13867137
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236566
mul_content 2657371
mul_denom 10709661
mulsubii 3892358
nbits2extraprec 1497440066
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12750214
nbits2prec 188999463
nbrows 158270215
nchar2nlong 127921490
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304786
nf_get_M 21745754
nf_get_Tr 23280
nf_get_degree 71375591
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463508
nf_get_index 3711973
nf_get_invzk 9774521
nf_get_pol 98118526
nf_get_r1 23466236
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64644
nf_get_roots 1628793
nf_get_roundG 1748461
nf_get_sign 519600
nf_get_varn 1503706
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462044
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416245
normalize_frac 17311395
odd 2122728979
pari_calloc 47735
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2897
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487236084
pari_malloc 723329244
pari_realloc 1880
pari_realloc_ip 2359372
pari_stack_alloc 1006309275
pari_stack_base 1012205767
pari_stack_delete 5895755
pari_stack_init 6378420
pari_stack_new 911031217
pari_stack_pushp 5821
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747452
perm_mul 80953019
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17357310
pol0_Flx 111627084
pol1_F2x 4768664
pol1_Flx 55714758
pol_0 27130504
pol_1 3752492
pol_x 3860497
pol_xn 2252818
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1078962
polx_Flx 37494418
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 596435
powii 43129957
pr_get_e 16167017
pr_get_f 26443740
pr_get_gen 12072145
pr_get_p 92760053
pr_get_tau 49772671
pr_is_inert 17223855
pr_norm 1090497
prec2lg 4565278389
prec2nbits 106943794
prec2nbits_mul 581097
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476366
qfb_disc 18502435
qfb_disc3 4995143
qfb_is_qfi 64530971
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8146281228
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763894
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14758928
rowslice 79451625
rowslicepermute 234456
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434254
shallowcopy 27895922
sqrfrac 4151123
sqrti 6612785
sqrtnr 2810645
sqrtr 86931435
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985063
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60072897
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2079106
upr_norm 346135
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3468914
vec_ei 1714737
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313925
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4039403
veclast 9374205
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21109855
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657358771
vecslicepermute 2858651
vecsmall_append 4114699
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464642
vecsmall_copy 7341145
vecsmall_ei 585115
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043259
vecsmall_max 1177399
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75755
vecsmall_to_col 7925121
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78756687
vecsmalltrunc_append 100849966
vecsmalltrunc_init 237213567
vecsplice 385000
vectrunc_append 15855827
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11768762
zc_to_ZC 7910575
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845281
zero_F2v 3656625
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2831017
zero_Flm_copy 238314
zero_Flv 61988563
zero_Flx 3255690
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39509650
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125154450
zeromat 108979
zeromatcopy 14377867
zeropadic 857646
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12870925
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29348216
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687870
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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