Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30849-48ff4d246c) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-05-01 09:26:53 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8356761
F2m_copy 200647
F2m_flip 1553715
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12360753
F2v_coeff 664425101
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1553715
F2v_set 104113161
F2v_to_F2x 37850
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12360759
F2x_coeff 670982269
F2x_copy 63803785
F2x_div 1559021
F2x_equal 4135901
F2x_equal1 2873886
F2x_flip 1553715
F2x_renormalize 126846316
F2x_set 129743096
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255543
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434630
Flm_row 8743376
Flv_copy 2059140
Flx_constant 1091732
Flx_copy 175984403
Flx_div 1999802
Flx_div_pre 21723162
Flx_equal1 8200756
Flx_lead 1068563
Flx_mulu 1105498
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165410
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4692234
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5582236
FpX_renormalize 147286244
Fp_add 183423226
Fp_addmul 11270208
Fp_center 77289039
Fp_center_i 18055258
Fp_div 15034260
Fp_divu 15128736
Fp_double 20902493
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23415725
Fp_invsafe 1097240
Fp_mul 203844588
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 67509636
Fp_neg 32669512
Fp_red 82929945
Fp_sqr 63949633
Fp_sub 201571082
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 576304
FqX_Fq_mul 427285
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38567
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 447455
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 368759
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106359
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 919472492
QV_isscalar 54418968
Q_abs 8125555
Q_abs_shallow 120217
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619946
RgC_gtofp 34034203
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9955175
RgM_fpnorml2 22788
RgM_gtofp 8258189
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22228624
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 142000
RgV_is_ZV 32097190
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210269
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127914
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102876983
RgX_div 6998920
RgX_equal_var 27139599
RgX_fpnorml2 63071
RgX_gtofp 7166279
RgX_is_QX 400064
RgX_is_ZX 22392255
RgX_is_monomial 1328186
RgX_is_rational 68291
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479449
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479449
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451089
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697322
ZM_ZV_mod 610702
ZM_hnfrem 401352
ZM_lll 7136730
ZV_ZV_mod 8147145
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675455
ZV_to_zv 3211715
ZXQ_mul 2166467
ZXQ_sqr 961469
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7670788
ZX_renormalize 157587398
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509439
abgrp_get_cyc 12231187
abgrp_get_gen 1765023
abgrp_get_no 406716
absfrac 47978454
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541572
addmuliu_inplace 59548802
affc_fixlg 249621
affgr 899650
bid_get_MOD 2157238
bid_get_U 3680215
bid_get_arch 41188
bid_get_archp 2397091
bid_get_cyc 5739773
bid_get_fact 2498919
bid_get_fact2 2201560
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804634
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521917
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157981
bin_copy 473116966
bit_accuracy 3142150264
bit_accuracy_mul 3175733
bit_prec 143393921
bnf_get_clgp 5375450
bnf_get_cyc 3686598
bnf_get_fu 25859
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289087
bnf_get_gen 1680307
bnf_get_logfu 2874737
bnf_get_nf 9866258
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367772
bnf_get_tuN 282996
bnf_get_tuU 303578
bnr_get_bid 2046056
bnr_get_bnf 3710938
bnr_get_clgp 2830219
bnr_get_cyc 2522555
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77119
bnr_get_nf 1399084
bnr_get_no 277486
both_odd 123420000
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10157
cgetc 975443
cgiv 105487382
checkell_i 8104007
closure_arity 356452304
closure_codestr 306022908
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 305977893
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14691765
closure_get_oper 305998356
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45951295
col_ei 5925669
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730112
const_vec 34645936
const_vecsmall 18861227
constant_coeff 1445634
cxcompotor 18237916
cxnorm 94251101
cxtofp 9093114
cxtoreal 337204
cyc_get_expo 2757549
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94343595
degpol 5526580348
div_content 58512
divsBIL 8238352995
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049194
ell_get_a2 11108722
ell_get_a3 12863761
ell_get_a4 10325140
ell_get_a6 10371100
ell_get_b2 7371406
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018972
ell_get_c6 13474706
ell_get_disc 16816234
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14946115
ell_is_inf 50182699
ellff_get_a4a6 551462
ellff_get_field 1790606
ellinf 913929
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027239
equali1 1172057031
equalim1 139546744
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62595
gaddgs 123271137
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80414
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36428
gal_get_roots 32844
gc_GEN 247163052
gc_INT 4138545632
gc_INT_affii 11578375
gc_all 102463323
gc_leaf 1165159852
gc_slice 2211564
gc_upto 1973228803
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761935
gdivsg 561178
gen_I 1268840
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928493
get_F2x_mod 3307717
get_F2x_var 2168630
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 83191459
get_Flx_mod 25514124
get_Flx_var 68291082
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969175
get_FpX_mod 3387864
get_FpX_var 6952170
gisdouble 2995962
gmax_shallow 13510226
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 901241
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23856652
gmulgu 283360013
gsubgs 1731066
gtodouble 66254552
gtofp 257178679
gtomp 22428
gtos 85878462
gtou 100720
guncloneNULL 49838251
guncloneNULL_deep 1511002
gval 6237
hash_str 2781061
hash_str_len 31620354
icopy_avma 8057229494
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 139137
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243246
identity_zv 3267609
inf_get_sign 1453193
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574392362
is_const_t 5002616148
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9712866
is_matvec_t 744129510
is_noncalc_t 88519792
is_pm1 2219243064
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5019875
is_real_t 61900634
is_recursive_t 9115557120
is_scalar_t 404086594
is_universal_constant 326523973
is_vec_t 44021755
isint1 17996364
isintm1 6086959
isintzero 2848416980
ismpzero 9712750
isonstack 8366149939
killblock 1957832
leading_coeff 169744495
leafcopy_avma 591568370
lg_increase 433897065
lgcols 352773007
lgpol 2628220195
lincombii 38263257
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755025
matpascal 4683
matslice 16825664
mkcol 10656561
mkcol2 157064085
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33584
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92016205
mkerr 0
mkfrac 42736026
mkfraccopy 5009272
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066856
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4781653
mkmat2 33656427
mkmat22 50269528
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122318
mkmoo 108908
mkoo 1332060
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3262545
mkqfb 27929302
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698438
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 68953921
mkvec2 212892191
mkvec2copy 114540
mkvec2s 220751
mkvec3 122695826
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10156534
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187622
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140397728
mkvecsmall2 256999507
mkvecsmall3 103272695
mkvecsmall4 18655233
mkvecsmall5 1718734
modpr_get_T 13867085
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236489
mul_content 2657726
mul_denom 10753519
mulsubii 3893194
nbits2extraprec 1497541287
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12768874
nbits2prec 189009314
nbrows 158344379
nchar2nlong 127850780
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41626
ndec2prec 33356
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26299
nf_get_G 304833
nf_get_M 21741336
nf_get_Tr 23348
nf_get_degree 71377941
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 464179
nf_get_index 3713831
nf_get_invzk 9775515
nf_get_pol 98128762
nf_get_r1 23466305
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
nf_get_roots 1629073
nf_get_roundG 1748842
nf_get_sign 519602
nf_get_varn 1503801
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462343
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416523
normalize_frac 17574184
odd 2124018346
pari_calloc 48120
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487475653
pari_malloc 723584381
pari_realloc 1887
pari_realloc_ip 2346459
pari_stack_alloc 1005903846
pari_stack_base 1011750583
pari_stack_delete 5883097
pari_stack_init 6336646
pari_stack_new 910548974
pari_stack_pushp 5842
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747302
perm_mul 80955582
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17308183
pol0_Flx 111684709
pol1_F2x 4767894
pol1_Flx 55767527
pol_0 27228294
pol_1 3753754
pol_x 3865376
pol_xn 2254014
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1074415
polx_Flx 37514280
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 620095
powii 43130041
pr_get_e 16167451
pr_get_f 26444441
pr_get_gen 12072434
pr_get_p 92761077
pr_get_tau 49773725
pr_is_inert 17224388
pr_norm 1090549
prec2lg 4565413745
prec2nbits 106956143
prec2nbits_mul 581096
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476389
qfb_disc 18502572
qfb_disc3 4995595
qfb_is_qfi 64520904
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8146713591
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763900
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14759480
rowslice 79466154
rowslicepermute 234461
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434317
shallowcopy 27896639
sqrfrac 4206039
sqrti 6613251
sqrtnr 2810731
sqrtr 87174774
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985143
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60058870
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2090751
upr_norm 346134
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3469037
vec_ei 1714748
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313920
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4041791
veclast 9374232
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21112065
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657465819
vecslicepermute 2858402
vecsmall_append 4114733
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464614
vecsmall_copy 7341062
vecsmall_ei 585124
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043251
vecsmall_max 1177731
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75752
vecsmall_to_col 7925082
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78759347
vecsmalltrunc_append 100859475
vecsmalltrunc_init 238994324
vecsplice 384988
vectrunc_append 15857741
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11766591
zc_to_ZC 7910536
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845249
zero_F2v 3656413
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2831001
zero_Flm_copy 238313
zero_Flv 61974914
zero_Flx 3255691
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39496583
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125187900
zeromat 108936
zeromatcopy 14379852
zeropadic 857609
zeropadic_shallow 17149
zeropol 12924036
zeroser 139013
zerovec 29348390
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687877
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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