Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30733-eb2d773d38) Lines: 1422 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-03-03 09:24:12 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8154700
F2m_copy 200416
F2m_flip 1553940
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12352775
F2v_coeff 661426512
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1553940
F2v_set 101428866
F2v_to_F2x 37633
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12352768
F2x_coeff 668009195
F2x_copy 59091580
F2x_div 1558908
F2x_equal 4616982
F2x_equal1 2873794
F2x_flip 1553940
F2x_renormalize 111761962
F2x_set 123144928
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255553
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434583
Flm_row 8743743
Flv_copy 2554006
Flx_constant 334151
Flx_copy 173153479
Flx_div 1999809
Flx_div_pre 21699749
Flx_equal1 8183285
Flx_lead 979372
Flx_mulu 1104849
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165410
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4664060
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 818704
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5582019
FpX_renormalize 145351039
Fp_add 181148713
Fp_addmul 11327793
Fp_center 77413924
Fp_center_i 18056272
Fp_div 15034708
Fp_divu 15125444
Fp_double 21030573
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23436104
Fp_invsafe 1097141
Fp_mul 200951446
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 68763880
Fp_neg 31469701
Fp_red 82928443
Fp_sqr 64294164
Fp_sub 203027392
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 572188
FqX_Fq_mul 427287
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38566
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445019
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 367934
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106724
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 915752172
QV_isscalar 54421350
Q_abs 8059521
Q_abs_shallow 120225
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619949
RgC_gtofp 34031508
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9953805
RgM_fpnorml2 22662
RgM_gtofp 8257394
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22233214
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 142001
RgV_is_ZV 32095292
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210268
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2667901
RgX_copy 102488548
RgX_div 6996183
RgX_equal_var 26879556
RgX_fpnorml2 61601
RgX_gtofp 7151319
RgX_is_QX 399943
RgX_is_ZX 22311668
RgX_is_monomial 1336715
RgX_is_rational 68166
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 347987
RgX_shift_inplace 479436
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479436
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451095
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697713
ZM_ZV_mod 610654
ZM_hnfrem 401460
ZM_lll 7117463
ZV_ZV_mod 8147115
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23674834
ZV_to_zv 3211714
ZXQ_mul 2165900
ZXQ_sqr 960614
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7321273
ZX_renormalize 154924103
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509440
abgrp_get_cyc 12231247
abgrp_get_gen 1765018
abgrp_get_no 406723
absfrac 46515988
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541599
addmuliu_inplace 59554472
affc_fixlg 249622
affgr 899594
bid_get_MOD 2157258
bid_get_U 3680235
bid_get_arch 41187
bid_get_archp 2397135
bid_get_cyc 5739843
bid_get_fact 2498953
bid_get_fact2 2201577
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804689
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521922
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157986
bin_copy 471258227
bit_accuracy 3124305382
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143283194
bnf_get_clgp 5375447
bnf_get_cyc 3686598
bnf_get_fu 25858
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289094
bnf_get_gen 1680309
bnf_get_logfu 2874755
bnf_get_nf 9866311
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367775
bnf_get_tuN 282993
bnf_get_tuU 303579
bnr_get_bid 2046094
bnr_get_bnf 3710952
bnr_get_clgp 2830254
bnr_get_cyc 2522565
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77118
bnr_get_nf 1399075
bnr_get_no 277490
both_odd 124147390
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10115
cgetc 975459
cgiv 105462603
checkell_i 5593240
closure_arity 356494791
closure_codestr 306064434
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 306025669
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14720439
closure_get_oper 306045920
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45910853
col_ei 5925361
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730123
const_vec 34653940
const_vecsmall 18747630
constant_coeff 1438306
cxcompotor 18210165
cxnorm 91200316
cxtofp 9079211
cxtoreal 337207
cyc_get_expo 2757548
cyclic_perm 99911
dbllog2r 92840510
degpol 5488290448
div_content 58512
divsBIL 8105522772
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 8997044
ell_get_a2 7106198
ell_get_a3 8814012
ell_get_a4 8536739
ell_get_a6 10370977
ell_get_b2 7370976
ell_get_b4 2550216
ell_get_b6 3863115
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11017641
ell_get_c6 13474125
ell_get_disc 16815155
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 12498888
ell_is_inf 49413774
ellff_get_a4a6 799989
ellff_get_field 2036654
ellinf 1208308
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027245
equali1 1166177298
equalim1 139505612
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62596
gaddgs 123253989
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80414
gal_get_invvdm 27873
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36427
gal_get_roots 32843
gc_GEN 237345490
gc_INT 4133538382
gc_INT_affii 11566143
gc_all 102367357
gc_leaf 1129477045
gc_slice 2205985
gc_upto 1944684908
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761927
gdivsg 531589
gen_I 1268258
gener_Fq_local 29946
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928096
get_F2x_mod 2489659
get_F2x_var 2534333
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82180901
get_Flx_mod 25482730
get_Flx_var 68375789
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 131148
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6942311
get_FpX_mod 3387445
get_FpX_var 6922709
gisdouble 2995161
gmax_shallow 13510228
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 877901
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23822000
gmulgu 283104681
gsubgs 1730192
gtodouble 60940132
gtofp 254431283
gtomp 22428
gtos 85855790
gtou 100710
guncloneNULL 49813520
guncloneNULL_deep 1507072
gval 6230
hash_str 2741944
hash_str_len 31637025
icopy_avma 8045041972
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138820
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3242853
identity_zv 3267204
inf_get_sign 1453300
inv_content 0
is_bigint 571778122
is_const_t 4949187814
is_extscalar_t 6736
is_intreal_t 9585147
is_matvec_t 710273863
is_noncalc_t 88481413
is_pm1 2215149556
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5015698
is_real_t 61899776
is_recursive_t 9059896569
is_scalar_t 387758715
is_universal_constant 326537463
is_vec_t 43929895
isint1 17586718
isintm1 5711178
isintzero 2839117885
ismpzero 9585055
isonstack 8297862326
killblock 1957481
leading_coeff 171282640
leafcopy_avma 582286427
lg_increase 446678239
lgcols 352680838
lgpol 2661958478
lincombii 38276553
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 754879
matpascal 3983
matslice 16825229
mkcol 10652835
mkcol2 156996877
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33585
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 91608874
mkerr 0
mkfrac 41639112
mkfraccopy 4999640
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8061752
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4779964
mkmat2 33666046
mkmat22 50259961
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122275
mkmoo 108902
mkoo 1332152
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3076544
mkqfb 27928189
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 69657612
mkvec2 212800420
mkvec2copy 114536
mkvec2s 220379
mkvec3 119649372
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10146486
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15186440
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 131309418
mkvecsmall2 235064035
mkvecsmall3 103268060
mkvecsmall4 18694109
mkvecsmall5 1717657
modpr_get_T 13867141
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236670
mul_content 2657539
mul_denom 10709966
mulsubii 3893181
nbits2extraprec 1458468748
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12714198
nbits2prec 186158887
nbrows 158266739
nchar2nlong 127788894
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304707
nf_get_M 21745383
nf_get_Tr 23280
nf_get_degree 71377711
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463522
nf_get_index 3712029
nf_get_invzk 9774953
nf_get_pol 98123072
nf_get_r1 23465967
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
nf_get_roots 1628798
nf_get_roundG 1748410
nf_get_sign 519601
nf_get_varn 1503773
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462224
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416380
normalize_frac 17206315
odd 2120863838
pari_calloc 47609
pari_err_BUG 21
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2869
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 485615424
pari_malloc 721686518
pari_realloc 1873
pari_realloc_ip 2351825
pari_stack_alloc 1006232467
pari_stack_base 1012097116
pari_stack_delete 5881068
pari_stack_init 6358792
pari_stack_new 910943586
pari_stack_pushp 5800
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747242
perm_mul 80952926
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 13184019
pol0_Flx 103105068
pol1_F2x 3949217
pol1_Flx 54887385
pol_0 62682234
pol_1 3750277
pol_x 3857846
pol_xn 2249725
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1074239
polx_Flx 37499259
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 1561
powii 43129942
pr_get_e 16167119
pr_get_f 26443884
pr_get_gen 12072439
pr_get_p 92759844
pr_get_tau 49772881
pr_is_inert 17224045
pr_norm 1090413
prec2lg 4472229118
prec2nbits 103972761
prec2nbits_mul 581080
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 475634
qfb_disc 18502599
qfb_disc3 4994972
qfb_is_qfi 64478884
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8014663222
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763896
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14758108
rowslice 79463443
rowslicepermute 233664
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 10120354
shallowcopy 27896715
sqrfrac 4148303
sqrti 6611389
sqrtnr 2810146
sqrtr 80379001
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985229
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60061539
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 1982425
upr_norm 346136
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3469031
vec_ei 1714368
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313918
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11557
vec_to_vecsmall 4039460
veclast 9372633
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21098034
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657438242
vecslicepermute 2855477
vecsmall_append 4114709
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464637
vecsmall_copy 5369086
vecsmall_ei 584810
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043259
vecsmall_max 1164144
vecsmall_min 2352
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75753
vecsmall_to_col 7922201
vecsmall_to_vec 577021
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78757983
vecsmalltrunc_append 100835033
vecsmalltrunc_init 244046605
vecsplice 385018
vectrunc_append 15856890
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11767065
zc_to_ZC 7907654
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845040
zero_F2v 3647640
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2830920
zero_Flm_copy 238310
zero_Flv 59723429
zero_Flx 1427143
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 37290641
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125137506
zeromat 108975
zeromatcopy 14376762
zeropadic 856937
zeropadic_shallow 17087
zeropol 27319495
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29344532
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 2182738
zv_to_ZV 568222
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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