Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30849-48ff4d246c) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-05-01 09:26:53 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2xX_shift 0
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
FlxqX_div 0
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_integ 0
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_sqr 0
R_abs 0
RgX_isscalar 0
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_no 0
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_hnf 0
gmaxsg 0
gminsg 0
inv_content 0
is_qfb_t 0
mkcol4s 0
mkerr 0
mkmat5 0
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
polx_zx 0
random_Fq 0
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
vec_setconst 0
vecmodii 0
vecsmall_coincidence 0
zero_F2m 0
zero_zm 0
zero_zx 0
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
mkrfraccopy 14
pari_err_BUG 14
znstar_get_no 14
RgM_gtomp 21
mkvec4s 21
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
closure_get_code 28
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
F2v_ei 42
RgV_gtofp 56
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
mkmat4 84
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_pack 84
gal_get_e 91
pari_err_COPRIME 91
mkcol5 94
Z_ispower 98
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_PRIME 98
rnf_get_index 105
ellnf_get_bnf 119
RgX_to_RgV 140
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
mkvecs 168
FqX_to_mod 175
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
nbits2ndec 228
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
zm_transpose 266
rowsplice 273
err_get_compo 294
pol_xnall 294
mkvec6s 301
ellQp_get_prec 308
mkcol3s 315
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_ntors 322
get_F2xqX_mod 343
rnf_get_disc 357
pari_err_VAR 371
polxn_Flx 371
sturm 385
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_IMPL 539
vecsmall_lengthen 547
RgC_gtomp 574
rnf_get_varn 574
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
bnf_get_reg 648
pari_err_DIM 718
perm_sqr 728
Rg_to_Fq 756
F2m_set 798
gchar_set_m0 945
row_i 987
RgM_minor 1036
quad_disc 1085
ellQp_get_p 1134
zero_F2x 1181
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_set_prec 1225
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_famod 1288
FqX_powu 1295
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_alpha 1428
ellQp_get_zero 1463
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
mkintmodu 1834
gchar_get_nm 1869
pari_realloc 1887
RgXQX_div 1904
mkpadic 2009
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_u0 2121
vecreverse_inplace 2605
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
gchar_get_m0 3318
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
vecsmall_min 3710
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_modP 4095
FqX_normalize 4144
nf_get_r2 4154
gchar_get_u0 4252
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_diff 4445
F2v_copy 4487
FpXQX_div 4526
matpascal 4683
rnf_get_zk 4830
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
idealchineseinit 5427
pari_stack_pushp 5842
FqX_get_red 6090
gal_get_p 6118
gval 6237
FqXn_expint 6590
gal_get_orders 6706
is_extscalar_t 6904
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
FqXn_inv 7126
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
FqX_roots 7273
submuliu 7700
bnr_get_gen 7847
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
identity_ZV 8120
gchar_get_mod 8225
locs_get_mod 8225
ndec2nbits 8270
FqX_gcd 8288
bnf_get_no 8372
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
prec2ndec 9778
cgetalloc 10157
ZX_equal1 10488
gchar_get_Ui 10983
vec_shorten 11557
R_abs_shallow 13097
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
closure_get_dbg 13660
zx_renormalize 14049
pari_err_TYPE 15370
gal_get_gen 15491
znstar_get_gen 16150
gchar_get_cyc 16177
mkmat3 17001
zeropadic_shallow 17149
gchar_get_r1 17444
Fp_muls 17780
gchar_get_prec 18795
vec_lengthen 18960
FqX_halve 19411
pari_err_INV 20025
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
FqX_mulu 21942
gtomp 22428
FqXQ_mul 22766
RgM_fpnorml2 22788
nf_get_Tr 23348
ZV_dvd 23485
gal_get_mod 23870
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_red 25354
bnf_get_fu 25859
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26299
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_invvdm 27874
absfrac_shallow 28237
gequalgs 29176
zerovec_block 29654
gener_Fq_local 29946
gchar_get_basis 32816
gal_get_roots 32844
F2xqX_div 33173
ndec2prec 33356
mkcolcopy 33584
Qtoss 35364
gal_get_pol 36428
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_ns 36995
closure_get_text 37150
gchar_get_nc 37261
FqX_rem 37743
F2v_to_F2x 37850
FqX_div 38567
FqX_deriv 40061
mkcols 40411
bid_get_arch 41188
ndec2nlong 41626
znstar_get_Ui 46788
FqX_degfact 47786
pari_calloc 48120
bid_get_sarch 48594
vecmoduu 49784
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
get_FpXQX_var 51630
locs_get_cyc 52136
div_content 58512
err_get_num 62595
RgX_fpnorml2 63071
bid_get_gen 64274
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
RgX_is_rational 68291
FqX_sub 68607
mkquad 69118
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
quadnorm 69881
FqX_sqr 71855
bid_get_ideal 72842
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
vecsmall_shorten 75752
bnr_get_mod 77119
gal_get_group 80414
mkcol3 88314
cyclic_perm 99932
gtou 100720
mkcol4 103467
zv_to_zx 104146
mkmoo 108908
zeromat 108936
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
mkvec2copy 114540
Q_abs_shallow 120217
mkmatcopy 122318
mkveccopy 122528
FqX_add 127694
RgXQX_rem 127914
rnf_get_map 135659
zeroser 139013
idealred 139137
FqX_factor 140960
RgV_is_QV 142000
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
FlxqX_div_pre 165410
znstar_get_U 176107
vecsmall_prepend 186977
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
F2m_copy 200647
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
rowcopy 204988
gchar_get_bnf 205373
mkmat22s 207578
locs_get_m_infty 209475
mkvec2s 220751
mkcol6 232470
ellR_get_prec 232750
rowslicepermute 234461
zero_Flm_copy 238313
gchar_get_nf 243946
Fp_halve 247271
affc_fixlg 249621
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
znstar_get_cyc 262088
FqXn_mul 263403
get_FlxqX_var 264435
bnr_get_no 277486
gchar_get_zm 281911
bnf_get_tuN 282996
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289087
bnf_get_tuU 303578
nf_get_G 304833
vec_prepend 313920
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
rnf_get_polabs 327628
cxtoreal 337204
upr_norm 346134
RgX_renormalize 349807
FqX_mul 368759
ellR_get_sign 371535
get_F2xqX_var 375375
vecsplice 384988
RgX_is_QX 400064
ZM_hnfrem 401352
abgrp_get_no 406716
perm_conj 418299
FqX_Fq_mul 427285
FqX_extgcd 447455
nf_get_disc 464179
precdbl 476389
RgX_shift_inplace 479449
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479449
Z_issquare 509439
nf_get_sign 519602
mkvec3s 524441
addmuliu 541572
ellff_get_a4a6 551462
gdivsg 561178
zv_to_ZV 569244
FqX_Fp_mul 576304
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
prec2nbits_mul 581096
vecsmall_ei 585124
ZM_ZV_mod 610702
RgC_fpnorml2 619946
powIs 620095
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
vecreverse 697305
mkrfrac 698438
coltrunc_init 740257
logint 755025
gcmpgs 761935
row 763900
rnf_get_nf 786086
zero_F2m_copy 845249
FpXX_renormalize 849322
zeropadic 857609
affgr 899650
gmin_shallow 901241
ellinf 913929
ZXQ_sqr 961469
cgetc 975443
Flx_lead 1068563
polx_F2x 1074415
pr_norm 1090549
Flx_constant 1091732
Fp_invsafe 1097240
sstoQ 1097313
Flx_mulu 1105498
vecsmall_max 1177731
mkfracss 1209563
RgV_isscalar 1210269
gen_I 1268840
RgX_is_monomial 1328186
mkoo 1332060
bnf_get_sunits 1367772
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
bnr_get_nf 1399084
constant_coeff 1445634
Rg_col_ei 1451089
inf_get_sign 1453193
vecsmall_concat 1464614
nf_get_varn 1503801
guncloneNULL_deep 1511002
bid_get_mod 1521917
F2m_flip 1553715
F2v_flip 1553715
F2x_flip 1553715
F2x_div 1559021
uutoQ 1602144
nf_get_roots 1629073
bnf_get_gen 1680307
zv_copy 1687877
vec_ei 1714748
mkvecsmall5 1718734
gsubgs 1731066
nf_get_roundG 1748842
abgrp_get_gen 1765023
ellff_get_field 1790606
modpr_get_p 1887627
get_F2x_degree 1928493
killblock 1957832
Flx_div 1999802
ellnf_get_nf 2027239
bnr_get_bid 2046056
Flv_copy 2059140
ulogint 2090751
ell_get_j 2126269
bid_get_MOD 2157238
bid_get_sprk 2157981
ZXQ_mul 2166467
get_F2x_var 2168630
bid_get_fact2 2201560
gc_slice 2211564
pol_xn 2254014
pari_realloc_ip 2346459
bid_get_archp 2397091
bid_get_fact 2498919
rnf_get_degree 2506335
bnr_get_cyc 2522555
ell_get_b4 2550293
mul_content 2657726
cyc_get_expo 2757549
hash_str 2781061
sqrtnr 2810731
bnr_get_clgp 2830219
zero_Flm 2831001
rnf_get_pol 2845192
vecslicepermute 2858402
znstar_get_pe 2869063
F2x_equal1 2873886
bnf_get_logfu 2874737
RgX_coeff 2889731
gisdouble 2995962
Fq_red 3106359
bit_accuracy_mul 3175733
ZV_to_zv 3211715
identity_perm 3243246
F3m_coeff 3255543
zero_Flx 3255691
mkpolmod 3262545
identity_zv 3267609
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
ell_get_b8 3297414
get_F2x_mod 3307717
get_FpX_mod 3387864
vec_append 3469037
zero_F2v 3656413
bid_get_U 3680215
bnf_get_cyc 3686598
bnr_get_bnf 3710938
nf_get_index 3713831
perm_inv 3747302
pol_1 3753754
ell_get_b6 3863192
pol_x 3865376
mulsubii 3893194
vec_to_vecsmall 4041791
vecsmall_append 4114733
F2x_equal 4135901
sqrfrac 4206039
mkcol2s 4416244
FpXQX_renormalize 4692234
pol1_F2x 4767894
mkmat 4781653
qfb_disc3 4995595
mkfraccopy 5009272
is_rational_t 5019875
bnf_get_clgp 5375450
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416523
nf_get_zkden 5462343
FpX_div 5582236
bid_get_cyc 5739773
bid_get_grp 5804634
pari_stack_delete 5883097
col_ei 5925669
isintm1 6086959
pari_stack_init 6336646
Flm_copy 6434630
sqrti 6613251
get_FpX_var 6952170
get_FpX_degree 6969175
RgX_div 6998920
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043251
ZM_lll 7136730
RgX_gtofp 7166279
znstar_get_faN 7334819
vecsmall_copy 7341062
ell_get_b2 7371406
ZX_is_monic 7670788
zc_to_ZC 7910536
vecsmall_to_col 7925082
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
mkintmod 8066856
checkell_i 8104007
Q_abs 8125555
ZV_ZV_mod 8147145
Flx_equal1 8200756
RgM_gtofp 8258189
F2m_coeff 8356761
Flm_row 8743376
cxtofp 9093114
veclast 9374232
ismpzero 9712750
is_intreal_t 9712866
const_col 9730112
nf_get_invzk 9775515
bnf_get_nf 9866258
RgM_dimensions 9955175
mkvec4 10156534
ell_get_a4 10325140
ell_get_a6 10371100
mkcol 10656561
ZC_hnfrem 10697322
mul_denom 10753519
ell_get_c4 11018972
ell_get_a2 11108722
Fp_addmul 11270208
ser_isexactzero 11434317
gc_INT_affii 11578375
vectrunc_init 11766591
pr_get_gen 12072434
abgrp_get_cyc 12231187
F2v_clear 12360753
F2x_clear 12360759
nbits2nlong 12768874
ell_get_a3 12863761
zeropol 12924036
ell_get_c6 13474706
gmax_shallow 13510226
modpr_get_T 13867085
zeromatcopy 14379852
closure_get_frame 14691765
rowpermute 14759480
ell_get_type 14946115
Fp_div 15034260
Fp_divu 15128736
mkvec5 15187622
vectrunc_append 15857741
pr_get_e 16167451
ell_get_disc 16816234
matslice 16825664
ell_get_a1 17049194
pr_is_inert 17224388
pol0_F2x 17308183
normalize_frac 17574184
isint1 17996364
Fp_center_i 18055258
cxcompotor 18237916
qfb_disc 18502572
mkvecsmall4 18655233
const_vecsmall 18861227
Fp_double 20902493
vecpermute 21112065
Flx_div_pre 21723162
nf_get_M 21741336
RgM_shallowcopy 22228624
RgX_is_ZX 22392255
Fp_inv 23415725
nf_get_r1 23466305
ZV_isscalar 23675455
gmulgs 23856652
get_Flx_mod 25514124
pr_get_f 26444441
RgX_equal_var 27139599
pol_0 27228294
shallowcopy 27896639
mkqfb 27929302
zerovec 29348390
modpr_get_pr 31236489
hash_str_len 31620354
submulii 31985143
RgV_is_ZV 32097190
Fp_neg 32669512
mkmat2 33656427
RgC_gtofp 34034203
const_vec 34645936
polx_Flx 37514280
lincombii 38263257
znstar_get_N 38658713
zero_zv 39496583
mkfrac 42736026
powii 43130041
is_vec_t 44021755
closure_is_variadic 45951295
absfrac 47978454
pr_get_tau 49773725
guncloneNULL 49838251
ell_is_inf 50182699
mkmat22 50269528
QV_isscalar 54418968
pol1_Flx 55767527
addmuliu_inplace 59548802
submuliu_inplace 60058870
is_real_t 61900634
zero_Flv 61974914
F2x_copy 63803785
Fp_sqr 63949633
qfb_is_qfi 64520904
gtodouble 66254552
Fp_mulu 67509636
get_Flx_var 68291082
mkvec 68953921
nf_get_degree 71377941
Fp_center 77289039
vecsmallpermute 78759347
rowslice 79466154
perm_mul 80955582
Fp_red 82929945
get_Flx_degree 83191459
gtos 85878462
sqrtr 87174774
is_noncalc_t 88519792
mkcomplex 92016205
pr_get_p 92761077
cxnorm 94251101
dbllog2r 94343595
nf_get_pol 98128762
vecsmalltrunc_append 100859475
gc_all 102463323
RgX_copy 102876983
mkvecsmall3 103272695
F2v_set 104113161
cgiv 105487382
prec2nbits 106956143
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
pol0_Flx 111684709
mkvec3 122695826
gaddgs 123271137
both_odd 123420000
zerocol 125187900
F2x_renormalize 126846316
nchar2nlong 127850780
F2x_set 129743096
equalim1 139546744
mkvecsmall 140397728
bit_prec 143393921
FpX_renormalize 147286244
mkcol2 157064085
ZX_renormalize 157587398
nbrows 158344379
leading_coeff 169744495
Flx_copy 175984403
Fp_add 183423226
nbits2prec 189009314
Fp_sub 201571082
Fp_mul 203844588
mkvec2 212892191
vecsmalltrunc_init 238994324
gc_GEN 247163052
mkvecsmall2 256999507
gtofp 257178679
gmulgu 283360013
closure_get_data 305977893
closure_get_oper 305998356
closure_codestr 306022908
is_universal_constant 326523973
lgcols 352773007
closure_arity 356452304
is_scalar_t 404086594
lg_increase 433897065
bin_copy 473116966
pari_free 487475653
is_bigint 574392362
leafcopy_avma 591568370
vecslice 657465819
F2v_coeff 664425101
F2x_coeff 670982269
pari_malloc 723584381
is_matvec_t 744129510
pari_stack_new 910548974
GENbinbase 919472492
pari_stack_alloc 1005903846
pari_stack_base 1011750583
gc_leaf 1165159852
equali1 1172057031
nbits2extraprec 1497541287
gc_upto 1973228803
odd 2124018346
is_pm1 2219243064
lgpol 2628220195
isintzero 2848416980
bit_accuracy 3142150264
gc_INT 4138545632
prec2lg 4565413745
is_const_t 5002616148
degpol 5526580348
icopy_avma 8057229494
remsBIL 8146713591
divsBIL 8238352995
isonstack 8366149939
is_recursive_t 9115557120

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