Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

• with GMP kernel
• with GMP kernel using --mt=pthread
• with native kernel, including micro-assembler code
• with native kernel, without micro-assembler
• with native kernel, without micro-assembler, disabling GCC extensions (DISABLE_INLINE)
• with GMP kernel, emulating an x86_32 architecture at Configure time via setarch

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report

Current view: top level - basemath - arith1.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30735-65f72320ad) Lines: 2080 2301 90.4 % Date: 2026-03-08 09:23:56 Functions: 218 233 93.6 % Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name	Hit count
ECP_psi	837
Fl_2gener_pre	188813
Fl_2gener_pre_i	65848
Fl_2powu	4979486
Fl_2powu_pre	12895325
Fl_lgener_pre_all	147053
Fl_log	132362
Fl_log_Fp	0
Fl_log_naive	132362
Fl_log_naive_pre	29048
Fl_log_pre	29446
Fl_order	546576
Fl_powers	296050
Fl_powers_pre	13056030
Fl_powu	144781548
Fl_powu_pre	166404606
Fl_sqrt	14735247
Fl_sqrt_i	14857680
Fl_sqrt_pre	23365758
Fl_sqrt_pre_i	38299720
Fl_sqrtl	0
Fl_sqrtl_pre	229904
Fl_sqrtl_raw	232865
Fl_sqrtn	233411
Fl_sqrtn_pre	233411
FpV_prod	497
Fp_2gener	3222
Fp_2gener_all	5908
Fp_2gener_i	19392
Fp_easylog	8819469
Fp_factored_order	70
Fp_gausssum	351
Fp_invgen	6098710
Fp_invmBarrett	14032
Fp_log	4259584
Fp_log_find_ind	126
Fp_log_find_rel	126
Fp_log_halfgcd	56265
Fp_log_index	63
Fp_log_sieve	63
Fp_log_sieve_worker	30254
Fp_log_use_index	5039825
Fp_order	136406
Fp_pow	37753511
Fp_pow_init	105
Fp_pow_table	43694
Fp_powers	5931
Fp_pows	1346242
Fp_powu	1836980
Fp_rem_mBarrett	8294973
Fp_rootsof1	820
Fp_select_red	888159
Fp_sqrt	4844447
Fp_sqrt_i	4898129
Fp_sqrt_ii	75193
Fp_sqrtn	173541
Fp_sqrts	18954
Qsfcont	3137414
ZMV_producttree	0
ZM_nv_mod_tree	215665
ZM_nv_mod_tree_t	221122
ZT_sqr	13609624
ZVV_nv_mod_tree	5457
ZV_allpnqn	894831
ZV_chinese	5141
ZV_chinese_center	156876
ZV_chinese_tree	40922678
ZV_chinesetree	2630159
ZV_invdivexact	2630159
ZV_nv_mod_tree	1236328
ZV_producttree	2634007
ZV_sqr	2630158
ZXC_nv_mod_tree	5634
ZXM_nv_mod_tree	491
ZXX_nv_mod_tree	254565
ZX_nv_mod_tree	3100661
Z_ZV_mod	0
Z_ZV_mod_tree	58197848
Z_chinese	2142
Z_chinese_all	268096
Z_chinese_coprime	546412
Z_chinese_post	3072056
Z_chinese_pre	271817
Z_factor_listP	350651
Z_nv_mod	0
Zp_order	70
_Fp_add	1175565
_Fp_equal0	260724
_Fp_inv	34307
_Fp_mul	14228041
_Fp_neg	1086846
_Fp_one	47162
_Fp_pow	28603430
_Fp_rand	160
_Fp_red	889913
_Fp_rmul	575346
_Fp_s	19075
_Fp_sqr	8134253
_computeG	837
_gc_upto	112
_mul2_montred	9359951
_mul2_remii	3554564
_mul2_remiibar	1797049
_mul_montred	6684644
_mul_remii	1490459
_mul_remiibar	717266
_psi	1714
_sqr_montred	63203657
_sqr_remii	23514009
_sqr_remiibar	7577707
addifsmooth1	2163
addifsmooth2	83825
bestappr	105659
bestapprPade	119
bestapprPade0	126
bestappr_Q	2286475
bestappr_RgX	119
bestappr_frac	7
bestappr_real	1267353
bestappr_ser	98
check_kernel	63
checkp	2683387
chinese	5495
chinese1	2415
chinese1_coprime_Z	2460703
chinese1_coprime_Z_aux	2253538
compute_nbgen	63
contfrac0	49
contfracpnqn	266
err_oo	56
err_p	161
err_prec	196
factorial_Fl	57068
factorial_Fp	186
fibo	7
gboundcf	3142391
gc_chinese	980091
gc_empty	42
gcf	126
gcf2	0
gen_chinese	2463118
gener_Zp	259
get_Fp_field	6963
get_PHI	98
gome	5921879
hilbert	62314
hilbertii	140826
icopy_lg	3137064
init_montdata	679088
intmod2polmod	21
is_gener_Fl	1662381
is_gener_Fp	13949
is_gener_expo	4909
istotient	70000
istotient_i	621565
krois	40089
kroiu	37669217
kronecker	12777029
krosi	159682
kross	100423594
kroui	35672
krouodd	195354
krouu	102634540
krouu_s	245526632
lcmii	54526231
lift_intmod	420
lift_padic	210
lucas	56
mod_to_frac	42
mod_to_rfrac	112
mpfact	498564
mphilbertoo	7329
mpprimorial	105
muls_interval	595
mulu_interval	159078
mulu_interval_step	92859
ncV_chinese_center	10333
ncV_chinese_center_tree	5457
ncV_polint_center_tree	1514978
nmV_chinese_center	378491
nmV_chinese_center_tree	0
nmV_chinese_center_tree_seq	120580
nmV_polint_center_tree	378491
nmV_polint_center_tree_seq	120580
nmV_polint_center_tree_worker	974628
nonsquare1_Fl	13090753
nonsquare_Fl	7935
nonsquare_Fp	1458
nxCV_chinese_center	0
nxCV_chinese_center_tree	0
nxCV_polint_center_tree	6585
nxMV_chinese_center	104
nxMV_chinese_center_tree_seq	491
nxMV_polint_center_tree	104
nxMV_polint_center_tree_seq	491
nxMV_polint_center_tree_worker	1225
nxV_chinese_center	429146
nxV_chinese_center_tree	303863
nxV_polint_center_tree	875466
odd_prime_divisors	1812
ome	347408836
opt_param	63
padic2mod	21
pgener_Fl	575186
pgener_Fl_local	1081248
pgener_Fp	44282
pgener_Fp_local	412311
pgener_Zl	205822
pgener_Zp	171066
pnqn	0
polint_chinese	378595
remove2	1812
rootsof1_Fl	215523
rootsof1_Fp	0
rootsof1u_Fp	3033
rt	169813
serPade	49
sersfcont	0
sfcont2	14
sqrt_Cipolla	0
sqrt_Cipolla_msqr	0
sqrt_Cipolla_sqr	0
to_ZX	1889818
tr	59731
u_chinese_coprime	1640210
u_chinese_post	1640209
u_is_gener_expo	544993
u_odd_prime_divisors	463957
u_remove2	463957
znlog	238
znlog_rec	126
znorder	63
znprimroot	329

Generated by: LCOV version 1.16