Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30824-18397de1d0) Lines: 1422 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-04-19 09:25:48 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2m_coeff 8359897
F2m_copy 200663
F2m_flip 1554696
F2m_set 798
F2v_clear 12362468
F2v_coeff 664443158
F2v_copy 4487
F2v_ei 42
F2v_flip 1554696
F2v_set 104115918
F2v_to_F2x 38099
F2xX_shift 0
F2x_clear 12362467
F2x_coeff 671001582
F2x_copy 64651869
F2x_div 1572885
F2x_equal 4196045
F2x_equal1 2873756
F2x_flip 1554696
F2x_renormalize 127816682
F2x_set 129953375
F2xqX_div 33173
F3m_coeff 3255536
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
Flm_copy 6434457
Flm_row 8743516
Flv_copy 2059162
Flx_constant 1091237
Flx_copy 175755146
Flx_div 1999778
Flx_div_pre 21702775
Flx_equal1 8195984
Flx_lead 1069289
Flx_mulu 1105296
FlxqX_div 0
FlxqX_div_pre 165411
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQX_div 4526
FpXQX_renormalize 4691931
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FpXX_renormalize 849322
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
FpX_div 5582143
FpX_renormalize 147161764
Fp_add 183265586
Fp_addmul 11229431
Fp_center 77228485
Fp_center_i 18013249
Fp_div 15034396
Fp_divu 15128858
Fp_double 20795835
Fp_halve 247271
Fp_inv 23412938
Fp_invsafe 1097244
Fp_mul 203578778
Fp_muls 17780
Fp_mulu 65379655
Fp_neg 32669078
Fp_red 82932322
Fp_sqr 63876635
Fp_sub 201834318
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_mul 22766
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_Fp_mul 573031
FqX_Fq_mul 427278
FqX_add 127694
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_degfact 47786
FqX_deriv 40061
FqX_div 38566
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_extgcd 445772
FqX_factor 140960
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
FqX_gcd 8288
FqX_get_red 6090
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_halve 19411
FqX_integ 0
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
FqX_mul 368261
FqX_mulu 21942
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_normalize 4144
FqX_powu 1295
FqX_red 25354
FqX_rem 37743
FqX_roots 7273
FqX_sqr 71855
FqX_sub 68607
FqX_to_mod 175
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_expint 6590
FqXn_inv 7126
FqXn_mul 263403
FqXn_sqr 0
Fq_red 3106409
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
GENbinbase 919102514
QV_isscalar 54419139
Q_abs 8078381
Q_abs_shallow 120235
Qtoss 35364
R_abs 0
R_abs_shallow 13097
RgC_fpnorml2 619938
RgC_gtofp 34035166
RgC_gtomp 574
RgM_dimensions 9955153
RgM_fpnorml2 22655
RgM_gtofp 8257802
RgM_gtomp 21
RgM_minor 1036
RgM_shallowcopy 22226538
RgV_gtofp 56
RgV_is_QV 141991
RgV_is_ZV 32096665
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
RgV_isscalar 1210271
RgXQX_div 1904
RgXQX_rem 127635
RgX_coeff 2889731
RgX_copy 102503741
RgX_div 6998185
RgX_equal_var 26880496
RgX_fpnorml2 61607
RgX_gtofp 7164915
RgX_is_QX 399939
RgX_is_ZX 22316347
RgX_is_monomial 1326820
RgX_is_rational 68158
RgX_isscalar 0
RgX_renormalize 349807
RgX_shift_inplace 479436
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479436
RgX_to_RgV 140
Rg_col_ei 1451133
Rg_to_Fq 756
ZC_hnfrem 10697382
ZM_ZV_mod 610694
ZM_hnfrem 401408
ZM_lll 7136326
ZV_ZV_mod 8147126
ZV_dvd 23485
ZV_isscalar 23675564
ZV_to_zv 3211714
ZXQ_mul 2166240
ZXQ_sqr 960612
ZX_equal1 10488
ZX_is_monic 7319880
ZX_renormalize 157553423
Z_ispower 98
Z_issquare 509450
abgrp_get_cyc 12231172
abgrp_get_gen 1765025
abgrp_get_no 406728
absfrac 47729545
absfrac_shallow 28237
addmuliu 541581
addmuliu_inplace 59562994
affc_fixlg 249621
affgr 899608
bid_get_MOD 2157237
bid_get_U 3680216
bid_get_arch 41187
bid_get_archp 2397069
bid_get_cyc 5739762
bid_get_fact 2498901
bid_get_fact2 2201554
bid_get_gen 64274
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_grp 5804615
bid_get_ideal 72842
bid_get_mod 1521920
bid_get_no 0
bid_get_sarch 48594
bid_get_sprk 2157967
bin_copy 472932894
bit_accuracy 3145747041
bit_accuracy_mul 3175715
bit_prec 143401225
bnf_get_clgp 5375457
bnf_get_cyc 3686603
bnf_get_fu 25858
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289075
bnf_get_gen 1680313
bnf_get_logfu 2874745
bnf_get_nf 9866299
bnf_get_no 8372
bnf_get_reg 648
bnf_get_sunits 1367772
bnf_get_tuN 282989
bnf_get_tuU 303570
bnr_get_bid 2046056
bnr_get_bnf 3710937
bnr_get_clgp 2830223
bnr_get_cyc 2522557
bnr_get_gen 7847
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
bnr_get_mod 77118
bnr_get_nf 1399076
bnr_get_no 277483
both_odd 123110279
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
cgetalloc 10157
cgetc 975455
cgiv 105487426
checkell_i 8103861
closure_arity 356546630
closure_codestr 306124842
closure_get_code 28
closure_get_data 306079848
closure_get_dbg 13660
closure_get_frame 14677851
closure_get_oper 306102506
closure_get_text 37150
closure_is_variadic 45926888
col_ei 5925168
coltrunc_init 740257
const_col 9730098
const_vec 34627787
const_vecsmall 18860714
constant_coeff 1442673
cxcompotor 18237867
cxnorm 94251526
cxtofp 9093128
cxtoreal 337205
cyc_get_expo 2757537
cyclic_perm 99932
dbllog2r 94339854
degpol 5504789019
div_content 58511
divsBIL 8239193501
ellQp_get_p 1134
ellQp_get_prec 308
ellQp_get_zero 1463
ellR_get_prec 232750
ellR_get_sign 371535
ell_get_a1 17049182
ell_get_a2 11108723
ell_get_a3 12863748
ell_get_a4 10325141
ell_get_a6 10371101
ell_get_b2 7371393
ell_get_b4 2550293
ell_get_b6 3863192
ell_get_b8 3297414
ell_get_c4 11018272
ell_get_c6 13474025
ell_get_disc 16815122
ell_get_j 2126269
ell_get_type 14945642
ell_is_inf 50203810
ellff_get_a4a6 551449
ellff_get_field 1790584
ellinf 913912
ellnf_get_bnf 119
ellnf_get_nf 2027235
equali1 1171339012
equalim1 139546599
err_get_compo 294
err_get_num 62596
gaddgs 123271949
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_e 91
gal_get_gen 15491
gal_get_group 80415
gal_get_invvdm 27874
gal_get_mod 23870
gal_get_orders 6706
gal_get_p 6118
gal_get_pol 36428
gal_get_roots 32844
gc_GEN 246990436
gc_INT 4137631885
gc_INT_affii 11572632
gc_all 102446912
gc_leaf 1160640577
gc_slice 2211681
gc_upto 1972622921
gchar_copy_precs 1225
gchar_get_DLdata 190673
gchar_get_S 36995
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_Ui 10983
gchar_get_basis 32816
gchar_get_bnf 205373
gchar_get_cyc 16177
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_hnf 0
gchar_get_loccyc 50519
gchar_get_m0 3318
gchar_get_mod 8225
gchar_get_modP 4095
gchar_get_nalg 2044
gchar_get_nc 37261
gchar_get_nf 243946
gchar_get_nfprec 13468
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_nm 1869
gchar_get_ns 36995
gchar_get_ntors 322
gchar_get_prec 18795
gchar_get_r1 17444
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_get_sfu 1743
gchar_get_u0 4252
gchar_get_zm 281911
gchar_set_HUUi 630
gchar_set_basis 1575
gchar_set_cyc 1575
gchar_set_evalprec 1813
gchar_set_m0 945
gchar_set_nalg 630
gchar_set_nf 2110
gchar_set_nfprec 2968
gchar_set_nfree 630
gchar_set_ntors 630
gchar_set_prec 1225
gchar_set_u0 2121
gcmpgs 761908
gdivsg 561179
gen_I 1268855
gener_Fq_local 29945
gequalgs 29176
get_F2x_degree 1928580
get_F2x_mod 3307669
get_F2x_var 2168693
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
get_F2xqX_mod 343
get_F2xqX_var 375375
get_Flx_degree 82137337
get_Flx_mod 25495212
get_Flx_var 68234680
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
get_FlxqX_var 264435
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
get_FpXQX_var 51630
get_FpX_degree 6969112
get_FpX_mod 3387856
get_FpX_var 6952279
gisdouble 2995929
gmax_shallow 13510225
gmaxsg 0
gmin_shallow 899741
gminsg 0
gmulgs 23871809
gmulgu 283360013
gsubgs 1731923
gtodouble 66252276
gtofp 257201474
gtomp 22428
gtos 85866130
gtou 100703
guncloneNULL 49821410
guncloneNULL_deep 1503731
gval 6230
hash_str 2779149
hash_str_len 31617948
icopy_avma 8055358103
idealchineseinit 5427
idealred 138811
identity_ZV 8120
identity_perm 3243467
identity_zv 3267830
inf_get_sign 1453193
inv_content 0
is_bigint 574390545
is_const_t 5002740249
is_extscalar_t 6904
is_intreal_t 9712917
is_matvec_t 743860935
is_noncalc_t 88515665
is_pm1 2217652107
is_qfb_t 0
is_rational_t 5017752
is_real_t 61900632
is_recursive_t 9110932807
is_scalar_t 403950905
is_universal_constant 326384596
is_vec_t 44031035
isint1 17994614
isintm1 6086919
isintzero 2849293367
ismpzero 9712818
isonstack 8359824466
killblock 1954621
leading_coeff 169344519
leafcopy_avma 592267045
lg_increase 432830110
lgcols 352757040
lgpol 2620735972
lincombii 38269743
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_Lsprk 193935
locs_get_cyc 52136
locs_get_famod 1288
locs_get_m_infty 209475
locs_get_mod 8225
logint 755010
matpascal 4683
matslice 16825144
mkcol 10654057
mkcol2 157020149
mkcol2s 4416244
mkcol3 88314
mkcol3s 315
mkcol4 103467
mkcol4s 0
mkcol5 94
mkcol6 232470
mkcolcopy 33580
mkcols 40411
mkcomplex 92016891
mkerr 0
mkfrac 42558143
mkfraccopy 5007044
mkfracss 1209563
mkintmod 8066616
mkintmodu 1834
mkmat 4780916
mkmat2 33655609
mkmat22 50257031
mkmat22s 207578
mkmat3 17001
mkmat4 84
mkmat5 0
mkmatcopy 122319
mkmoo 108901
mkoo 1332072
mkpadic 2009
mkpolmod 3075563
mkqfb 27928330
mkquad 69118
mkrfrac 698439
mkrfraccopy 14
mkvec 68938137
mkvec2 213295053
mkvec2copy 114531
mkvec2s 220742
mkvec3 119619068
mkvec3s 524441
mkvec4 10150211
mkvec4s 21
mkvec5 15187622
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
mkvec6s 301
mkveccopy 122528
mkvecs 168
mkvecsmall 140327933
mkvecsmall2 256953669
mkvecsmall3 103251549
mkvecsmall4 18659872
mkvecsmall5 1718731
modpr_get_T 13867022
modpr_get_p 1887627
modpr_get_pr 31236396
mul_content 2657251
mul_denom 10753354
mulsubii 3892583
nbits2extraprec 1497542472
nbits2ndec 228
nbits2nlong 12750036
nbits2prec 189014966
nbrows 158342143
nchar2nlong 127833206
ndec2nbits 8270
ndec2nlong 41584
ndec2prec 33314
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
nf_get_G 304775
nf_get_M 21741736
nf_get_Tr 23350
nf_get_degree 71375315
nf_get_diff 4445
nf_get_disc 463582
nf_get_index 3712004
nf_get_invzk 9774496
nf_get_pol 98116939
nf_get_r1 23466582
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_ramified_primes 64645
nf_get_roots 1628803
nf_get_roundG 1748449
nf_get_sign 519601
nf_get_varn 1503734
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_zkden 5462086
nf_get_zkprimpart 5416217
normalize_frac 17568831
odd 2124906747
pari_calloc 48043
pari_err_BUG 14
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
pari_err_COPRIME 91
pari_err_DIM 718
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_IMPL 539
pari_err_INV 20025
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIME 98
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
pari_err_TYPE 15370
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
pari_err_VAR 371
pari_free 487283019
pari_malloc 723394579
pari_realloc 1887
pari_realloc_ip 2342695
pari_stack_alloc 1005738034
pari_stack_base 1011593758
pari_stack_delete 5857738
pari_stack_init 6331803
pari_stack_new 910424253
pari_stack_pushp 5842
perm_conj 418299
perm_inv 3747488
perm_mul 80953768
perm_sqr 728
pol0_F2x 17363138
pol0_Flx 111634150
pol1_F2x 4768520
pol1_Flx 55716503
pol_0 27168651
pol_1 3752544
pol_x 3865030
pol_xn 2253522
pol_xnall 294
polx_F2x 1079702
polx_Flx 37495537
polx_zx 0
polxn_Flx 371
powIs 620095
powii 43129980
pr_get_e 16167091
pr_get_f 26443984
pr_get_gen 12072258
pr_get_p 92760202
pr_get_tau 49772765
pr_is_inert 17223990
pr_norm 1090479
prec2lg 4566681353
prec2nbits 106956459
prec2nbits_mul 581096
prec2ndec 9778
precdbl 476402
qfb_disc 18502527
qfb_disc3 4995097
qfb_is_qfi 64520857
quad_disc 1085
quadnorm 69881
random_Fq 0
remsBIL 8148543924
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
rnf_get_alpha 1428
rnf_get_degree 2506335
rnf_get_disc 357
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_index 105
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
rnf_get_map 135659
rnf_get_nf 786086
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
rnf_get_pol 2845192
rnf_get_polabs 327628
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
rnf_get_varn 574
rnf_get_zk 4830
row 763890
row_i 987
rowcopy 204988
rowpermute 14758873
rowslice 79448600
rowslicepermute 234262
rowsplice 273
ser_isexactzero 11434254
shallowcopy 27896476
sqrfrac 4201691
sqrti 6612824
sqrtnr 2810649
sqrtr 87173811
sstoQ 1097313
sturm 385
submulii 31985063
submuliu 7700
submuliu_inplace 60072544
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
ulogint 2096699
upr_norm 346134
uutoQ 1602144
vec_append 3469013
vec_ei 1714709
vec_lengthen 18960
vec_prepend 313918
vec_setconst 0
vec_shorten 11556
vec_to_vecsmall 4040808
veclast 9374216
vecmodii 0
vecmoduu 49784
vecpermute 21108359
vecreverse 697305
vecreverse_inplace 2605
vecslice 657399892
vecslicepermute 2858191
vecsmall_append 4114737
vecsmall_coincidence 0
vecsmall_concat 1464670
vecsmall_copy 7341107
vecsmall_ei 585119
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_lengthen 547
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043259
vecsmall_max 1177494
vecsmall_min 3710
vecsmall_pack 84
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
vecsmall_prepend 186977
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_shorten 75750
vecsmall_to_col 7924907
vecsmall_to_vec 578043
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
vecsmallpermute 78757567
vecsmalltrunc_append 100748043
vecsmalltrunc_init 239851759
vecsplice 385002
vectrunc_append 15857139
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
vectrunc_init 11768896
zc_to_ZC 7910362
zero_F2m 0
zero_F2m_copy 845292
zero_F2v 3656690
zero_F2x 1181
zero_Flm 2831189
zero_Flm_copy 238312
zero_Flv 61989945
zero_Flx 3255779
zero_zm 0
zero_zv 39511104
zero_zx 0
zerocol 125181401
zeromat 108938
zeromatcopy 14378487
zeropadic 857282
zeropadic_shallow 17150
zeropol 12889545
zeroser 138992
zerovec 29348288
zerovec_block 29654
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zm_transpose 266
znstar_get_N 38658713
znstar_get_U 176107
znstar_get_Ui 46788
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982108
znstar_get_conreygen 3290526
znstar_get_cyc 262088
znstar_get_faN 7334819
znstar_get_gen 16150
znstar_get_no 14
znstar_get_pe 2869063
zv_copy 1687902
zv_to_ZV 569244
zv_to_zx 104146
zx_renormalize 14049
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0

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