Code coverage tests

This page documents the degree to which the PARI/GP source code is tested by our public test suite, distributed with the source distribution in directory src/test/. This is measured by the gcov utility; we then process gcov output using the lcov frond-end.

We test a few variants depending on Configure flags on the pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr machine (x86_64 architecture), and agregate them in the final report:

The target is to exceed 90% coverage for all mathematical modules (given that branches depending on DEBUGLEVEL or DEBUGMEM are not covered). This script is run to produce the results below.

LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - headers - pariinl.h (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: PARI/GP v2.18.1 lcov report (development 30862-ea47bd413c) Lines: 1421 1535 92.6 %
Date: 2026-05-05 09:26:54 Functions: 650 707 91.9 %
Legend: Lines: hit not hit

Function Name Sort by function name Hit count Sort by hit count
F2m_clear 0
F2xX_shift 0
F3m_copy 0
F3m_set 0
FlxqX_div 0
Flxq_add 0
Flxq_sub 0
FpV_FpC_mul 0
FpXQ_add 0
FpXQ_sub 0
FqXQ_add 0
FqXQ_div 0
FqXQ_inv 0
FqXQ_invsafe 0
FqXQ_pow 0
FqXQ_sqr 0
FqXQ_sub 0
FqX_divrem 0
FqX_halfgcd 0
FqX_integ 0
FqXn_exp 0
FqXn_sqr 0
R_abs 0
RgX_isscalar 0
bid_get_gen_nocheck 0
bid_get_no 0
cbrtr 0
cbrtr_abs 0
gchar_get_U 0
gchar_get_hnf 0
gmaxsg 0
gminsg 0
inv_content 0
is_qfb_t 0
mkcol4s 0
mkerr 0
mkmat5 0
mkvec5s 0
mkvec6 0
pari_err_FILE 0
pari_err_MAXPRIME 0
pari_err_PACKAGE 0
polx_zx 0
random_Fq 0
truecoef 0
trunc_safe 0
vec_setconst 0
vecmodii 0
vecsmall_coincidence 0
zero_F2m 0
zero_zm 0
zero_zx 0
zm_copy 0
zm_row 0
zm_to_zxV 0
zx_shift 0
zx_to_zv 0
FqX_ddf 7
FqX_factor_squarefree 7
mkrfraccopy 14
pari_err_BUG 14
znstar_get_no 14
RgM_gtomp 21
mkvec4s 21
pari_err_CONSTPOL 21
vecsmall_indexmax 21
vecsmall_indexmin 21
closure_get_code 28
pari_err_FILEDESC 36
F2v_ei 42
RgV_gtofp 56
pari_err_IRREDPOL 63
pari_err_ROOTS0 63
bnr_get_gen_nocheck 70
mkmat4 84
vecsmall_isin 84
vecsmall_pack 84
gal_get_e 91
pari_err_COPRIME 91
mkcol5 94
Z_ispower 98
pari_err_FLAG 98
pari_err_PRIME 98
rnf_get_index 105
ellnf_get_bnf 119
RgX_to_RgV 140
pari_err_OVERFLOW 156
mkvecs 168
FqX_to_mod 175
pari_err_COMPONENT 214
nbits2ndec 228
pari_err_PREC 238
pari_err_PRIORITY 245
zm_transpose 266
rowsplice 273
err_get_compo 294
pol_xnall 294
mkvec6s 301
ellQp_get_prec 308
mkcol3s 315
gchar_get_nfree 322
gchar_get_ntors 322
get_F2xqX_mod 343
rnf_get_disc 357
pari_err_VAR 371
polxn_Flx 371
sturm 385
pari_err_OP 406
pari_err_IMPL 539
vecsmall_lengthen 547
RgC_gtomp 574
rnf_get_varn 574
gchar_get_r2 623
gchar_set_HUUi 637
gchar_set_nalg 637
gchar_set_nfree 637
gchar_set_ntors 637
bnf_get_reg 648
pari_err_DIM 718
perm_sqr 728
Rg_to_Fq 756
F2m_set 798
row_i 987
RgM_minor 1036
quad_disc 1085
ellQp_get_p 1134
zero_F2x 1181
gchar_set_m0 1190
rnf_get_invzk 1225
rnf_get_k 1225
locs_get_Lgenfil 1288
locs_get_famod 1288
FqX_powu 1295
pari_err_MODULUS 1316
rnf_get_idealdisc 1386
rnf_get_alpha 1428
ellQp_get_zero 1463
gchar_copy_precs 1470
gchar_set_prec 1470
gchar_set_basis 1827
gchar_set_cyc 1827
mkintmodu 1834
pari_realloc 1887
RgXQX_div 1904
gchar_get_sfu 1996
mkpadic 2009
gchar_set_evalprec 2086
gchar_get_nm 2108
gchar_set_u0 2142
gchar_get_nalg 2296
gchar_set_nf 2363
vecreverse_inplace 2612
rnf_get_ramified_primes 2849
pari_err_DOMAIN 2876
vecsmall_reverse 3052
vecsmall_to_vec_inplace 3304
gchar_set_nfprec 3466
pari_err_TYPE2 3493
get_FpXQX_degree 3589
vecsmall_min 3710
gchar_get_m0 3823
gchar_get_evalprec 4011
gchar_get_modP 4095
FqX_normalize 4144
nf_get_r2 4154
nf_get_zk 4382
nf_get_diff 4445
F2v_copy 4487
FpXQX_div 4526
rnf_get_zk 4830
rnf_get_nfvarn 4886
matpascal 4935
gchar_get_u0 5002
idealchineseinit 5427
pari_stack_pushp 5842
FqX_get_red 6090
gal_get_p 6118
gval 6391
FqXn_expint 6590
gal_get_orders 6706
is_extscalar_t 6904
pari_err_SQRTN 7084
FqXn_inv 7126
rnf_get_nfzk 7245
FqX_roots 7273
submuliu 7700
bnr_get_gen 7847
get_FlxqX_mod 8033
identity_ZV 8120
gchar_get_mod 8225
locs_get_mod 8225
ndec2nbits 8270
FqX_gcd 8288
bnf_get_no 8386
vectrunc_append_batch 9667
prec2ndec 9778
cgetalloc 10157
ZX_equal1 10488
gchar_get_Ui 11096
vec_shorten 11564
R_abs_shallow 13097
closure_get_dbg 13660
gchar_get_nfprec 13854
zx_renormalize 14049
pari_err_TYPE 15370
gal_get_gen 15491
znstar_get_gen 16150
gchar_get_cyc 16535
mkmat3 17001
zeropadic_shallow 17150
gchar_get_r1 17683
Fp_muls 17780
vec_lengthen 18960
FqX_halve 19411
gchar_get_prec 19427
pari_err_INV 20025
FpXY_Fq_evaly 20587
rnf_get_nfdegree 21455
FqX_mulu 21942
gtomp 22428
FqXQ_mul 22766
RgM_fpnorml2 22787
nf_get_Tr 23349
ZV_dvd 23485
gal_get_mod 23870
FqX_neg 24956
FqX_red 25354
bnf_get_fu 25859
nfV_to_scalar_or_alg 26300
gal_get_den 27867
gal_get_invvdm 27874
absfrac_shallow 28237
gequalgs 29176
zerovec_block 29654
gener_Fq_local 29946
gal_get_roots 32844
F2xqX_div 33173
mkcolcopy 33579
ndec2prec 33615
gchar_get_basis 34731
Qtoss 35364
gal_get_pol 36428
closure_get_text 37150
FqX_rem 37743
F2v_to_F2x 38087
gchar_get_S 38371
gchar_get_ns 38371
FqX_div 38568
gchar_get_nc 38876
FqX_deriv 40061
mkcols 40411
bid_get_arch 41188
ndec2nlong 41885
znstar_get_Ui 46788
FqX_degfact 47786
pari_calloc 48127
bid_get_sarch 48594
vecmoduu 49784
get_FpXQX_var 51630
gchar_get_loccyc 52520
locs_get_cyc 54144
div_content 58510
err_get_num 62602
RgX_fpnorml2 63071
bid_get_gen 64274
nf_get_ramified_primes 64644
RgX_is_rational 68291
FqX_sub 68607
mkquad 69118
FqX_div_by_X_x 69699
quadnorm 69881
FqX_sqr 71855
bid_get_ideal 72849
Fq_to_FpXQ 73652
vecsmall_shorten 75752
bnr_get_mod 77125
gal_get_group 80414
mkcol3 88314
cyclic_perm 99932
gtou 100669
mkcol4 103467
zv_to_zx 104146
mkmoo 108934
zeromat 108993
RgV_isin 110158
RgV_isin_i 110158
mkvec2copy 114546
Q_abs_shallow 120237
mkmatcopy 122324
mkveccopy 122528
FqX_add 127694
RgXQX_rem 127915
rnf_get_map 135659
zeroser 139013
idealred 139132
FqX_factor 140960
RgV_is_QV 142049
get_FpXQX_mod 146583
FlxqX_div_pre 165414
znstar_get_U 176107
vecsmall_prepend 186977
gchar_get_DLdata 192479
locs_get_Lsprk 195755
F2m_copy 200668
get_F2xqX_degree 200851
rowcopy 204988
mkmat22s 207578
gchar_get_bnf 207685
locs_get_m_infty 211534
mkvec2s 220779
mkcol6 232470
ellR_get_prec 232750
rowslicepermute 234291
zero_Flm_copy 238328
Fp_halve 247271
gchar_get_nf 247942
affc_fixlg 250431
rnf_get_nfpol 255354
znstar_get_cyc 262088
FqXn_mul 263403
get_FlxqX_var 264435
bnr_get_no 277486
bnf_get_tuN 283012
gchar_get_zm 286343
bnf_get_fu_nocheck 289092
bnf_get_tuU 303593
nf_get_G 304818
vec_prepend 313916
get_FlxqX_degree 317580
rnf_get_polabs 327628
cxtoreal 338020
upr_norm 347920
RgX_renormalize 349807
FqX_mul 368758
ellR_get_sign 371535
get_F2xqX_var 375375
vecsplice 385267
RgX_is_QX 400068
ZM_hnfrem 401391
abgrp_get_no 406746
perm_conj 418299
FqX_Fq_mul 427295
FqX_extgcd 447455
nf_get_disc 464460
precdbl 476413
RgX_shift_inplace 479449
RgX_shift_inplace_init 479449
Z_issquare 509456
nf_get_sign 522481
mkvec3s 524441
addmuliu 541562
ellff_get_a4a6 551468
gdivsg 561956
zv_to_ZV 569244
FqX_Fp_mul 576303
vecsmall_to_vec 578148
prec2nbits_mul 581908
vecsmall_ei 585138
ZM_ZV_mod 610695
RgC_fpnorml2 619955
powIs 620095
FqX_is_squarefree 683802
vecreverse 697305
mkrfrac 698726
coltrunc_init 740257
logint 757050
gcmpgs 761930
row 763903
rnf_get_nf 786086
affgr 795161
zero_F2m_copy 845302
FpXX_renormalize 849322
zeropadic 857678
gmin_shallow 901144
ellinf 913728
ZXQ_sqr 961547
cgetc 976273
Flx_lead 1068452
polx_F2x 1079417
pr_norm 1090518
Flx_constant 1091732
Fp_invsafe 1097240
sstoQ 1097313
Flx_mulu 1105461
vecsmall_max 1178341
mkfracss 1209563
RgV_isscalar 1211814
gen_I 1269144
RgX_is_monomial 1328360
mkoo 1332143
bnf_get_sunits 1369336
rnf_get_absdegree 1392746
bnr_get_nf 1399098
constant_coeff 1445640
Rg_col_ei 1451469
inf_get_sign 1453300
vecsmall_concat 1464644
nf_get_varn 1503770
guncloneNULL_deep 1507366
bid_get_mod 1521922
F2m_flip 1554549
F2v_flip 1554549
F2x_flip 1554549
F2x_div 1572349
uutoQ 1602256
nf_get_roots 1632090
bnf_get_gen 1681881
zv_copy 1687658
vec_ei 1714854
mkvecsmall5 1718417
gsubgs 1731738
nf_get_roundG 1749948
abgrp_get_gen 1766595
ellff_get_field 1790617
modpr_get_p 1887626
get_F2x_degree 1928542
killblock 1957291
Flx_div 1999841
ellnf_get_nf 2027262
bnr_get_bid 2046100
Flv_copy 2058926
ulogint 2078193
ell_get_j 2126269
bid_get_MOD 2157259
bid_get_sprk 2157990
ZXQ_mul 2166550
get_F2x_var 2168638
bid_get_fact2 2201579
gc_slice 2211538
pol_xn 2254003
pari_realloc_ip 2350278
bid_get_archp 2397123
bid_get_fact 2498932
rnf_get_degree 2506335
bnr_get_cyc 2522581
ell_get_b4 2550293
mul_content 2659212
cyc_get_expo 2757548
hash_str 2782958
sqrtnr 2810720
bnr_get_clgp 2830262
zero_Flm 2831143
rnf_get_pol 2845192
vecslicepermute 2858077
znstar_get_pe 2869070
F2x_equal1 2873490
bnf_get_logfu 2877853
RgX_coeff 2908792
gisdouble 2995949
Fq_red 3106350
bit_accuracy_mul 3175844
ZV_to_zv 3211715
identity_perm 3243496
F3m_coeff 3255555
zero_Flx 3255754
mkpolmod 3262544
identity_zv 3267859
znstar_get_conreygen 3290533
ell_get_b8 3297414
get_F2x_mod 3307546
get_FpX_mod 3387853
vec_append 3469083
zero_F2v 3656728
bid_get_U 3680239
bnf_get_cyc 3689978
bnr_get_bnf 3710962
nf_get_index 3715914
perm_inv 3747470
pol_1 3753763
ell_get_b6 3863192
pol_x 3866484
mulsubii 3893445
vec_to_vecsmall 4041849
vecsmall_append 4114744
F2x_equal 4193324
sqrfrac 4224631
mkcol2s 4416244
FpXQX_renormalize 4688690
pol1_F2x 4768131
mkmat 4783117
qfb_disc3 4998044
mkfraccopy 5010419
is_rational_t 5019533
bnf_get_clgp 5380420
nf_get_zkprimpart 5418020
nf_get_zkden 5463840
FpX_div 5583766
bid_get_cyc 5739828
bid_get_grp 5804683
pari_stack_delete 5876584
col_ei 5927382
isintm1 6222430
pari_stack_init 6351483
Flm_copy 6435914
sqrti 6614824
get_FpX_var 6952258
get_FpX_degree 6969295
RgX_div 6998920
vecsmall_lexcmp 7043252
ZM_lll 7139290
RgX_gtofp 7166474
znstar_get_faN 7334854
vecsmall_copy 7341116
ell_get_b2 7371414
ZX_is_monic 7670811
zc_to_ZC 7913702
vecsmall_to_col 7928247
znstar_get_conreycyc 7982136
mkintmod 8066870
checkell_i 8103719
Q_abs 8125639
ZV_ZV_mod 8147213
Flx_equal1 8200340
RgM_gtofp 8258019
F2m_coeff 8359618
Flm_row 8743581
cxtofp 9114624
veclast 9374352
ismpzero 9716317
is_intreal_t 9716435
const_col 9730242
nf_get_invzk 9778581
bnf_get_nf 9875241
RgM_dimensions 9954948
mkvec4 10157024
ell_get_a4 10325139
ell_get_a6 10371099
mkcol 10661516
ZC_hnfrem 10697411
mul_denom 10755140
ell_get_c4 11018705
ell_get_a2 11108721
Fp_addmul 11300433
gc_INT_affii 11577202
vectrunc_init 11767727
ser_isexactzero 11871118
pr_get_gen 12076199
abgrp_get_cyc 12234646
F2v_clear 12362358
F2x_clear 12362358
nbits2nlong 12768851
ell_get_a3 12863769
zeropol 12924481
ell_get_c6 13474438
gmax_shallow 13510228
modpr_get_T 13867136
zeromatcopy 14379466
closure_get_frame 14695287
rowpermute 14762893
ell_get_type 14945228
Fp_div 15034073
Fp_divu 15128554
mkvec5 15189822
vectrunc_append 15858031
pr_get_e 16167846
ell_get_disc 16815872
matslice 16825348
ell_get_a1 17049202
pr_is_inert 17228029
pol0_F2x 17359374
normalize_frac 17574877
Fp_center_i 18055564
isint1 18136449
cxcompotor 18280945
qfb_disc 18502495
mkvecsmall4 18662456
const_vecsmall 18862708
Fp_double 20978300
vecpermute 21118364
Flx_div_pre 21723746
nf_get_M 21750508
RgM_shallowcopy 22234896
RgX_is_ZX 22395466
Fp_inv 23416732
nf_get_r1 23473791
ZV_isscalar 23679263
gmulgs 23871666
get_Flx_mod 25509832
pr_get_f 26448980
RgX_equal_var 27139599
pol_0 27280933
shallowcopy 27900432
mkqfb 27934173
zerovec 29349326
modpr_get_pr 31236633
hash_str_len 31624852
submulii 31985175
RgV_is_ZV 32100567
Fp_neg 32668749
mkmat2 33664065
RgC_gtofp 34034987
const_vec 34655519
polx_Flx 37515735
lincombii 38271663
znstar_get_N 38658755
zero_zv 39515043
mkfrac 42760340
powii 43129309
is_vec_t 44030041
closure_is_variadic 45955304
absfrac 47976876
guncloneNULL 49242574
pr_get_tau 49777578
ell_is_inf 50195450
mkmat22 50277955
QV_isscalar 54428485
pol1_Flx 55767443
addmuliu_inplace 59555933
submuliu_inplace 60064835
is_real_t 61906222
zero_Flv 61993596
Fp_sqr 64201573
qfb_is_qfi 64523506
F2x_copy 64600762
Fp_mulu 65584896
gtodouble 66203472
get_Flx_var 68291776
mkvec 68990947
nf_get_degree 71393396
Fp_center 77303120
vecsmallpermute 78758098
rowslice 79451710
perm_mul 80954497
get_Flx_degree 82197502
Fp_red 82930894
gtos 85880057
sqrtr 87152650
is_noncalc_t 88525008
pr_get_p 92765403
mkcomplex 92892875
dbllog2r 94380801
cxnorm 95127648
nf_get_pol 98152264
vecsmalltrunc_append 100882566
gc_all 102471622
RgX_copy 102878777
mkvecsmall3 103277193
F2v_set 104115697
cgiv 105508642
prec2nbits 107069167
vecsmall_prefixcmp 108088071
pol0_Flx 111733175
mkvec3 119754322
gaddgs 123273236
both_odd 123375508
zerocol 125198114
F2x_renormalize 127835390
nchar2nlong 127862736
F2x_set 129963149
equalim1 139581573
mkvecsmall 140581080
bit_prec 143415713
FpX_renormalize 147093686
mkcol2 157106775
ZX_renormalize 157603235
nbrows 158368517
leading_coeff 169748377
Flx_copy 175945176
Fp_add 183554632
nbits2prec 189085442
Fp_sub 201712376
Fp_mul 203912828
mkvec2 213968450
vecsmalltrunc_init 241076309
gc_GEN 247584976
mkvecsmall2 257028118
gtofp 257192115
gmulgu 283377954
closure_get_data 306246518
closure_get_oper 306268476
closure_codestr 306286598
is_universal_constant 326507956
lgcols 352819116
closure_arity 356728613
is_scalar_t 404105101
lg_increase 438230776
bin_copy 473537594
pari_free 487890075
is_bigint 574907425
leafcopy_avma 595248995
vecslice 657217251
F2v_coeff 664441717
F2x_coeff 670990679
pari_malloc 723384401
is_matvec_t 744427694
pari_stack_new 910816107
GENbinbase 920306018
pari_stack_alloc 1006176520
pari_stack_base 1012029828
gc_leaf 1161574196
equali1 1172338810
nbits2extraprec 1498800621
gc_upto 1975710919
odd 2123479769
is_pm1 2218422643
lgpol 2627156394
isintzero 2866282346
bit_accuracy 3147597456
gc_INT 4140108100
prec2lg 4576645512
is_const_t 5010637649
degpol 5514176668
icopy_avma 8056498659
remsBIL 8158460486
divsBIL 8249980304
isonstack 8367256744
is_recursive_t 9130506523

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