| Ilya Zakharevich on Sat, 3 Oct 1998 18:28:08 -0400 (EDT) |
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| Re: -KPIC |
Background: I'm supporting a Perl interface to a huge math library
PARI. PARI includes assembler files to speed up the core
multiple-precision arithmetic. However, these files are not compiled
with PIC.
Below is my exchange with the maintainers of PARI wrt the need of
PIC. Can somebody knowledgable resolve this? My understanding of the
situation may be obsolete by a couple of years, when the recipe was
the following:
a) On most arch "true" dynamic linking requires PIC;
b) On few archs (like Solaris) PIC-less object files are
tolerated, but having them defeats the purpose of dynalinking.
The picture is as follows:
A) Disk space sharing with different executables;
B) Memory sharing with different executables;
C) Memory sharing with the same executables;
D) As speedy as static;
A B C D
Static - - X X
Dyna & PIC X X X -
Dyna ! PIC X - - X
Note absense of 'C' without PIC.
Did it change lately?
Ilya
Karim BELABAS writes:
>
>
> [Ilya:]
> > Do I understand it correct that PARI cannot be put into a shared
> > library nowadays? I tried to compile sparc assembler with -K PIC, and
> > got a segfault.
> >
> > AFAIK Solaris allows DLLs without -K PIC, but they are not shared. Do
> > not know about SunOS4. Most anyone else requires PIC for shared
> > libraries - except platforms which have "hard linking" DLLs without
> > any relocation, like OS/2, AIX, DG-UX (?).
> >
> > Is there any architecture ((except port ;-) which requires PIC, and
> > PARI supports it? Currently the prospect of having PARI as
> > DynaLoadable Perl extension looks kinda moot...
>
> Very weird; could you be more specific? On most architectures mentionned in
> the MACHINES file (including solaris-[super|micro|ultra]sparc), a
> DLL libpari.so could be built, gp-dyn linked with it and gave sensible
> running times. In my experience, (with gcc mostly) -fPIC flag is not needed
> and, when used, give disastrous results (_slow_ binaries).
>
> HPUX was a (hard) special case and the only one I could test where gcc
> -fPIC / cc +z was actually needed (and giving an executable about least
> twice slower).
>
> Karim.
>
> P.S: Here's my current (2.0.12 not released yet) MACHINES file
> Bench (in ms)
> Arch / proc: OS: Configure: sta: dyn: GP version:
> ==============================================================================
> DEC/Alpha
> alpha21164 600MHz OSF1-V4.0D cc X11 dl2 3996 4384 2.0.10 LG
> alpha21164 533Mhz Linux 2.0.34 gcc X11 dl2 5105 5031 2.0.10 JC
> alpha21164 500Mhz Linux-2.0.30 gcc X11 dl2 4806 4791 2.0.12
> alpha21064 172Mhz OSF1-3.0 cc X11 dl2 30208 29754 2.0.12
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Sun/SPARC
> UltraSPARC10 300MHz Solaris-2.6 gcc X11 dl2 5932 6102 2.0.12 GN
> UltraSPARC 300MHz Solaris-2.5 gcc X11 dl2 7643 7566 2.0.9 IS
> UltraSPARC2i 270MHz Solaris-2.6 gcc X11 dl2 7068 7218 2.0.10 LG
> UltraSPARC2i 270MHz Solaris-2.6 cc X11 dl2 9200 9970 2.0.10 LG
> UltraSPARC 167MHz Solaris-2.6 gcc X11 dl2 9790 10158 2.0.12 GN
> UltraSPARC 167MHz Solaris-2.5 gcc X11 dl2 10257 10125 2.0.12
> UltraSPARC 167MHz Solaris-2.5 g++ X11 dl2 13474 13418 2.0.9 (7)LG
> UltraSPARC 167MHz Solaris-2.5 CC X11 - 15778 16400 2.0.9 LG
> UltraSPARC 167MHz Solaris-2.5 cc X11 dl2 16241 17048 2.0.9 LG
> UltraSPARC 143MHz Solaris-2.5 gcc X11 dl2 11335 11613 2.0.12
> SuperSPARC2 75MHz Solaris-2.5 gcc X11 dl2 16969 17013 2.0.10 LG
> SuperSPARC 40MHz SunOS-4.1.3 gcc X11 dl2 28254 28394 2.0.12
> SuperSPARC 40Mhz Solaris-2.5 gcc X11 dl2 27828 28353 2.0.12
> TurboSPARC 170MHz Solaris-2.5 gcc X11 dl2 15907 16529 2.0.9 LG
> MicroSPARC2 110MHz NextStep-v3 cc - - 37794 - 2.0.9 LG
> MicroSPARC2 110MHz SunOS-4.1.4 gcc X11 dl2 31476 32123 2.0.9 LG
> MicroSPARC2 110MHz Solaris-2.5 gcc X11 dl2 22664 23406 2.0.12
> SPARCv7(SS2) 40MHz SunOS-4.1.3 gcc X11 dl 115212 115364 2.0.9 LG
> SPARCv7(ELC) 33MHz SunOS-4.1.1 gcc X11 - 139406 - 2.0.8 GN
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Intel/x86
> PentiumII 333Mhz Linux-2.0.32 gcc X11 dl2 5006 4762 2.0.10 JC
> PentiumII 300MHz NextStep-3.3 cc - - 5325 - 2.0.10
> Pentium 266Mhz Linux-2.0.29 gcc X11 dl2 7256 7044 2.0.11
> PentiumII 233MHz FreeBSD-2.2.5 gcc X11 dl2 6251 6114 2.0.11
> PentiumPro 200MHz Linux-2.0.27 gcc X11 dl2 12088 12214 2.0.4k
> Pentium 200Mhz NextStep-3.3 cc - - 16035 - 2.0.6 MS
> Pentium 166MHz FreeBSD-2.2.5 gcc X11 dl2 15159 14481 2.0.11
> Pentium 166MHz Solaris-2.6 gcc X11 dl2 13550 13746 2.0.12 GN
> Pentium 133MHz Linux-1.2.8 gcc X11 - 15448 - 2.0.12(5)GN
> Pentium 133MHz FreeBSD-2.2.5 gcc X11 dl2 15231 17259 2.0.10 KK
> 486dx2 50MHz Linux-2.0.33 gcc X11 dl2 213710 216224 2.0.9 LG
> 486dx 50MHz DOS-5.0 gcc - - 77639 - 2.0.12
> *i860 40MHz Concentrix cc X11 - 147989 - 2.0.9 LG
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Motorola
> *MC68040 25MHz NextStep-v2 cc - - 250542 - 2.0.9 LG
> MC68030 25MHz SunOS-4.0.3 gcc X11 - 683736 685248 2.0.9 (4)
> *MC68030 25MHz SunOS-4.0.3 gcc X11 - 1034136 1038368 2.0.9
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> IBM/POWER,PowerPC
> *PPC604e 233MHz AIX-4.2 cc X11 - 8616 - 2.0.12(3)GN
> *PPC604 133MHz AIX-4.2 cc X11 - 21528 - 2.0.4 (3)GN
> *PPC601 100MHz AIX-4.1 cc X11 - 21692 - 2.0.4 (3)GN
> *PPC601 75MHz Linux-2.1.24 gcc - dl2 51810 52702 2.0.9 EK
> *PPC601 66MHz AIX-3.2.5 cc X11 - 66280 - 2.0.4 (3)GN
> *POWER2 66MHz AIX-4.2 cc X11 - 37592 - 2.0.4 (3)GN
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> SGI/MIPS
> *R4000 50/70MHz IRIX-5.2 gcc X11 dl2 70764 70114 2.0.9 (1)TP
> *R4000 50/70MHz IRIX-5.2 cc X11 dl2 81467 80176 2.0.9 (2)TP
> *R10000 196MHz IRIX-6.4 cc X11 dl2 8461 9856 2.0.10(8)TP
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> HP/PA-RISC
> HPPA9000/778 134MHz HPUX-10.20 cc X11 - 16276 29212 2.0.12(9)
> *HPPA9000/778 134MHz HPUX-10.20 cc X11 - 23666 2.0.12(10)
> HPPA9000/735 100MHz HPUX-10.20 cc X11 - 25106 38898 2.0.12(9)
> HPPA9000/720 ??? HPUX-10.20 cc X11 - 66138 - 2.0.9
> *HPPA9000/720 ??? HPUX-10.20 cc X11 - 101114 119626 2.0.9
> HPPA9000/712 90MHz HPUX-10.20 cc X11 - 26756 45196 2.0.12(9)
> *HPPA9000/712 ??? HPUX-10.10 gcc X11 - 66328 71250 2.0.5 (6)
> *HPPA7100LC 60MHz NextStep-v3 cc - - 62866 - 2.0.10 LG
> *HPPA7000 50MHz HPUX-09.05 cc X11 - 113406 152778 2.0.9 LG
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Notes:
> ======
> (1) uncomment the last PLOTLIBS= in Makefile
> (2) same as above, compiled with cc -O2
> (3) AIX/POWER versions built with cc options including
> -qarch=com -qtune=601 (any other tuning makes them slower)
> (4) Slightly different results in make bench (last decimal different in
> 3 tests, due to a different mulsr())
> (5) built with gcc 2.7.2p
> (6) gcc -fPIC (otherwise /usr/bin/ld will not link the shared library)
> (7) the `program' bench fails on "install(addii)". But if the symbol addii
> is declared within extern "C" {} in paridecl.h, it works.
>
> (8) use
> CC = cc -64
> CFLAGS = -O -OPT:Olimit=2170
> LD = cc -64
> LDFLAGS = -O -L/usr/lib64
> DLLD = cc -64
> DLLDFLAGS = -shared -elf -no_unresolved -all -L/usr/lib64
> CPP = cc -64 -E -I.
>
> (9) * for gp-dyn: in o-hpux.hppa/Makefile, move kernel.o from OBJS to OBJSGP. I
> couldn't find a way to have HP as (needed since gas doesn't understand our
> syntax) to produce PIC code, hence kernel.o has to be linked explicitly with
> all programs compiled with libpari.sl
>
> * for gp-sta: remove +z from CFLAGS, final link only worked with the
> following command line (there has to be a better way...):
>
> cc dummy.c -c
> cc -o gp-sta -Wl,-a,archive -O dummy.o [... rest as produced by Configure]
>
> where dummy.c defines two dummy symbols (referenced in static libc):
>
> shl_findsym(){}
> shl_load(){}
>
> Whatever else I tried, linking failed:
>
> /usr/ccs/bin/ld: Data address is out of range for short load or store
> Reference from: kernel.o(0x8) [for all symbols defined in level0.s]
>
> (10) compiled without +z flags
> --
> Karim Belabas email: Karim.Belabas@math.u-psud.fr
> Dep. de Mathematiques, Bat. 425
> Universite Paris-Sud Tel: (00 33) 1 69 15 57 48
> F-91405 Orsay (France) Fax: (00 33) 1 69 15 60 19
> --
> PARI/GP Home Page: http://pari.home.ml.org
>